目录
1、初识MQ
运行MQ容器
docker run \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=itcast \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123321 \
-v mq-plugins:/plugins \
--name mq \
--hostname mq1 \
-p 15672:15672 \
-p 5672:5672 \
-d \
rabbitmq:3-management
itcast 123321
2、入门
常见消息模型
1、HelloWorld案例
官方的HelloWorld是基于最基础的消息队列模型来实现的,只包括三个角色:
- publisher:消息发布者,将消息发送到队列queue
- queue:消息队列,负责接受并缓存消息
- consumer:订阅队列,处理队列中的消息
<!--AMQP依赖,包含RabbitMQ-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
package cn.itcast.mq.helloworld;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class ConsumerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 1.建立连接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
// 1.1.设置连接参数,分别是:主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码
factory.setHost("192.168.126.133");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("itcast");
factory.setPassword("123321");
// 1.2.建立连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
// 2.创建通道Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列
String queueName = "simple.queue";
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 4.订阅消息
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
// 5.处理消息
String message = new String(body);
System.out.println("接收到消息:【" + message + "】");
}
});
System.out.println("等待接收消息。。。。");
}
}
package cn.itcast.mq.helloworld;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class PublisherTest {
@Test
public void testSendMessage() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 1.建立连接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
// 1.1.设置连接参数,分别是:主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码
factory.setHost("192.168.150.101");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("itcast");
factory.setPassword("123321");
// 1.2.建立连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
// 2.创建通道Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列
String queueName = "simple.queue";
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 4.发送消息
String message = "hello, rabbitmq!";
channel.basicPublish("", queueName, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("发送消息成功:【" + message + "】");
// 5.关闭通道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
3、SpringAMQP
什么是AMQP?
- 应用间消息通信的一种协议,与语言和平台无关。
<!--AMQP依赖,包含RabbitMQ-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.126.134
port: 5672
virtual-host: /
username: itcast
password: 123321
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class AMQPTest {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test
public void send(){
String queueName = "simple.queue";
String message = "hello world";
System.out.println("发送成功:"+message);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName,message);
}
}
消费者
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.126.134
port: 5672
virtual-host: /
username: itcast
password: 123321
@Component
public class AMPQListener {
@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listen(String msg){
System.out.println("接收消息:【"+msg+"】");
}
}
Work Queue 工作队列
问题:publicher发送50条消息,消费者1每秒接收50条消息,消费者2每秒接收10条消息,但是处理的消息数目一样,不按能力分配
设置preFetch这个值,可以控制预取消息的上限:
发布( Publish )、订阅( Subscribe )
发布订阅模式与之前案例的区别就是允许将同一消息发送给多个消费者。实现方式是加入了exchange(交换机)。
常见exchange类型包括:
- Fanout:广播
- Direct:路由
- Topic:话题
注意:exchange负责消息路由,而不是存储,路由失败则消息丢失
1、发布订阅-Fanout Exchange
Fanout Exchange 会将接收到的消息广播到每一个跟其绑定的queue
consumer,声明一个交换机和两个队列绑定
@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
return new FanoutExchange("itcast.fanout");
}
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue1(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue1");
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(fanoutExchange);
}
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue2(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue2");
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding2(Queue fanoutQueue2, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2).to(fanoutExchange);
}
}
@Test
public void sendEx() throws InterruptedException {
String exName = "itcast.fanout";
String message = "everyone";
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exName,"",message);
}
2、发布订阅-DirectExchange
Direct Exchange 会将接收到的消息根据规则路由到指定的Queue,因此称为路由模式(routes)。
- 每一个Queue都与Exchange设置一个BindingKey
- 发布者发送消息时,指定消息的RoutingKey
- Exchange将消息路由到BindingKey与消息RoutingKey一致的队列
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue("direct.queue1"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key = {"red","blue"}
))
public void listen3(String msg){
System.out.println("a接收消息:【"+msg+"】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue("direct.queue2"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key = {"red","yello"}
))
public void listen4(String msg){
System.out.println("b接收消息:【"+msg+"】");
}
@Test
public void sendD() throws InterruptedException {
String exName = "itcast.direct";
String message = "hello,yello";
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exName,"yello",message);
}
3、发布订阅-TopicExchange
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue("topic.queue1"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "china.#"
))
public void listen5(String msg){
System.out.println("a接收消息:【"+msg+"】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue("topic.queue2"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "#.news"
))
public void listen6(String msg){
System.out.println("b接收消息:【"+msg+"】");
}
@Test
public void sendT() throws InterruptedException {
String exName = "itcast.topic";
String message = "hello,world";
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exName,"japan.news",message);
}
消息转换器
说明:在SpringAMQP的发送方法中,接收消息的类型是Object,也就是说我们可以发送任意对象类型的消息,SpringAMQP会帮我们序列化为字节后发送。
Spring的对消息对象的处理是由org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter来处理的。而默认实现是SimpleMessageConverter,基于JDK的ObjectOutputStream完成序列化。
如果要修改只需要定义一个MessageConverter 类型的Bean即可。推荐用JSON方式序列化,步骤如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>