rabbitMQ使用

/**
 * 简单模式basic：消息发布者
 */
public class PublisherTest {
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        // 1.建立连接
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); //ConnectionFactory() 连接工厂

        // 1.1.设置连接参数，分别是：主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码
        factory.setHost("192.168.150.101");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setVirtualHost("/"); // 虚拟主机
        factory.setUsername("itcast");
        factory.setPassword("123321");
        // 1.2.建立连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        // 2.创建通道Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 3.创建队列
        String queueName = "simple.queue"; // 同一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);

        // 4.发送消息
        String message = "hello, rabbitmq!";
        channel.basicPublish("", queueName, null, message.getBytes()); // 字节发送
        System.out.println("发送消息成功：【" + message + "】");

        // 5.关闭通道和连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

/**
 * 简单模式basic：订阅队列
 */
public class ConsumerTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        // 1.建立连接
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

        // 1.1.设置连接参数，分别是：主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码
        factory.setHost("192.168.150.101");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("itcast");
        factory.setPassword("123321");
        // 1.2.建立连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        // 2.创建通道Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 3.创建队列
        String queueName = "simple.queue"; // 同一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);

        // 4.订阅消息
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel){ // new 一个默认消费者
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                // 5.处理消息
                String message = new String(body);
                System.out.println("接收到消息：【" + message + "】");
            }
        });
        System.out.println("等待接收消息。。。。"); // 先输出，回调函数机制
    }
}

 basic Queue

引入依赖

<!--AMQP依赖，包含RabbitMQ-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

publisher服务的application.yml中添加配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.150.101 # 主机名
    port: 5672 # 端口
    virtual-host: / # 虚拟主机
    username: itcast # 用户名
    password: 123321 # 密码

rabbitTemplate发送消息

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testSimpleQueue() {
        // 队列名称
        String queueName = "simple.queue";
        // 消息
        String message = "hello, spring amqp!";
        // 发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);
    }
}

consumer服务的application.yml中添加配置：

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.150.101 # 主机名
    port: 5672 # 端口
    virtual-host: / # 虚拟主机
    username: itcast # 用户名
    password: 123321 # 密码

@RabbitListener监听消息队列

@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {

    @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
    public void listenSimpleQueueMessage(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("spring 消费者接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }
}

WorkQueue

消息发送

@Test
public void testWorkQueue() throws InterruptedException {
    // 队列名称
    String queueName = "simple.queue";
    // 消息
    String message = "hello, message_";
    for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
        // 发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message + i);
        Thread.sleep(20);
    }
}

消息接收，2个

@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenWorkQueue1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
    System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息：【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
    Thread.sleep(20);
}

@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenWorkQueue2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
    System.err.println("消费者2........接收到消息：【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
    Thread.sleep(200);
}

问题：可以看到消费者1很快完成了自己的25条消息。消费者2却在缓慢的处理自己的25条消息。

也就是说消息是平均分配给每个消费者，并没有考虑到消费者的处理能力。这样显然是有问题的。

解决：修改consumer服务的application.yml文件，添加配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    listener:
      simple:
        prefetch: 1 # 每次只能获取一条消息，处理完成才能获取下一个消息

Fanout(广播)

在consumer中创建一个类，声明队列和交换机

@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {

    /**
     * 声明交换机
     * @return Fanout类型交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
        return new FanoutExchange("itcast.fanout");
    }


    /**
     * 第1个队列
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue fanoutQueue1(){
        return new Queue("fanout.queue1");
    }

    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueue1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(fanoutExchange);
    }


    /**
     * 第2个队列
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue fanoutQueue2(){
        return new Queue("fanout.queue2");
    }

    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueue2(Queue fanoutQueue2, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2).to(fanoutExchange);
    }
}

消息发送到交换机

@Test
public void testFanoutExchange() {
    // 队列名称
    String exchangeName = "itcast.fanout";
    // 消息
    String message = "hello, everyone!";
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "", message);
}

消息接收

@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue1")
public void listenFanoutQueue1(String msg) {
    System.out.println("消费者1接收到Fanout消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue2")
public void listenFanoutQueue2(String msg) {
    System.out.println("消费者2接收到Fanout消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

Direct（路由key）

消息发送

@Test
public void testSendDirectExchange() {
    // 交换机名称
    String exchangeName = "itcast.direct";
    // 消息
    String message = "红色警报！日本乱排核废水，导致海洋生物变异，惊现哥斯拉！";
    // 发送消息
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "red", message); // 路由key：red和yellow
}

消息接收：在consumer的SpringRabbitListener中添加两个消费者，同时基于注解来声明队列和交换机

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1"), // 队列
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT), // 交换机
    key = {"red", "blue"} // 路由key
))
public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue2"),
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
    key = {"red", "yellow"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

Topic（通配符）

#：匹配一个或多个词

*：匹配不多不少恰好1个词

消息发送

@Test
public void testSendTopicExchange() {
    // 交换机名称
    String exchangeName = "itcast.topic";
    // 消息
    String message = "喜报！孙悟空大战哥斯拉，胜!";
    // 发送消息
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "china.news", message); // 通配符
}

消息接收

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue1"),
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
    key = "china.#"
))
public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者接收到topic.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue2"),
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
    key = "#.news"
))
public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者接收到topic.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

消息转换器

Spring会把你发送的消息序列化为字节发送给MQ，接收消息的时候会把字节反序列化为Java对象。

在publisher和consumer两个服务中都引入依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.10</version>
</dependency>

配置

@Bean
public MessageConverter jsonMessageConverter(){
    return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
}