HmacMD5算法是一种基于密钥的消息认证算法,是一种更安全的算法
它的好处:
使用的key长度是64字节,更安全
Hmac是标准算法,同样适用于SHA-1等其他哈希算法
Hmac输出和原有的哈希算法长度一致
//获取HmacMD5密钥生成器
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator .getInstance("HmacMD5");
//产生密钥
SecretKey secreKey = keyGen.generateKey();
//打印随机生成的密钥
byte[] keyArray = secreKey.getEncoded();
StringBuilder key = new StringBuilder();
for(byte bite : KeyArray){
key.append(String.format("%02x",bite));
}
System.out.println(Key);
//使用HmacMD5加密
Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacMD5");
mac.init(secreKey);//初始化密钥
mac.update("seybaibai".getBytes("UTF-8"));
byte[] resultArray= mac.doFilal();
StringBUilder result = new StringBuilder();
for(bute bite : resultArray){
result.append(String.format("%02x",bite));
}
System.out.println(result);
对称加密算法:就是传统的用一个密码进行加密和解密,常用的有WinZIP和WINRAR对压缩包的加密和解密。
AEC加密:常见的工作模式是ECB和CBC
ECB模式
package com.xiao;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Base64;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
public class Morningtwozero1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, GeneralSecurityException {
//原文
String message = "Sey baibai";
System.out.println("Message:" + message);
//128位密钥 = 16 bytes Key
byte[] key = "1234567980abcdrf".getBytes();
//加密
byte[] data = message.getBytes();
byte[] encrypted = encrypt(key,data);
System.out.println("Encrypted(加密):" + Base64.getEncoder().
encodeToString(encrypted));
//解密
byte[] decrypted = decrypt(key, encrypted);
System.out.println("Decryted:" + new String(decrypted));
}
//加密
public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] key , byte[] input) throws GeneralSecurityException, NoSuchPaddingException {
//创建密码对象,需要传入算法/工作模式/填充模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
//根据key的字节内容,“恢复”密钥对象
SecretKey keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
//初始化密钥:设置加密模式ENCRYPT_MODE
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec);
//根据原始内容(字节)进行加密
return cipher.doFinal(input);
}
//解密
public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] key,byte[] input) throws GeneralSecurityException, NoSuchPaddingException {
//创建密码对象,需要传入算法/工作模式./填充模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
//根据key的字节内容,“恢复”密钥对象
SecretKey keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key,"AES");
//初始化密钥,设置解密模式
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec);
//根据原始内容(字节),进行解密
return cipher.doFinal(input);
}
}
CBC模式
package com.xiao;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Base64;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
public class Morningtwozero2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, GeneralSecurityException {
String message = "dawd";
System.out.println("Message(原始信息) " + message);
byte[] key = "1234567980abcdrf1234567980abcdrf".getBytes();
byte[] data = message.getBytes();
byte[] encryted = encrypt(key,data);
System.out.println("Encrypted" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryted));
//解密
byte[] decrypted = decrypt(key,encryted);
System.out.println("Decrypted" + new String(decrypted));
}
public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] key,byte[] input) throws GeneralSecurityException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
//设置算法/工作模式CBC/填充
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
//恢复密钥对象
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
//CBC模式需要生成一个16 bytes的initialization vector;
SecureRandom sr = SecureRandom.getInstanceStrong();
byte[] iv = sr.generateSeed(16);//生成16个字节的随机数
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(iv));
IvParameterSpec ivps = new IvParameterSpec(iv);//随机数封装成IvParameterSpec
//初始化密钥:操作模式、密钥、IV参数
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,keySpec, ivps);
//加密
byte[] data = cipher.doFinal(input);
//IV不要用保密,把IBV和密文一起返回
return join(iv,data);
}
//解密
public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] key,byte[] input) throws GeneralSecurityException, BadPaddingException {
//把input分割成OIV和密文
byte[] iv = new byte[16];
byte[] data = new byte[input.length - 16];
System.arraycopy(input, 0, iv, 0, 16);//IV
System.arraycopy(input, 16, data, 0, data.length);//密文
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(iv));
//解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key,"AES");
IvParameterSpec ivps = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
//初始化
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec,ivps);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
public static byte[] join(byte[] bs1,byte[] bs2) {
byte[] r = new byte[bs1.length + bs2.length];
System.arraycopy(bs1, 0, r, 0, bs1.length);
System.arraycopy(bs2, 0, r, bs1.length, bs2.length);
return r;
}
}
小结:
密钥长度由算法设计决定,AES的密钥长度是128/192/256位
使用对称加密算法需要指定算法名称、工作模式、填充模式。