Linux-软件管理

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-15 22:40:56 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-15 22:40:56 发布

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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： linux 运维服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_57370131/article/details/141131905

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文章目录

19. 软件管理

19. 软件管理

19.1 linux软件介绍

一个软件执行需要依赖操作系统中的各种函数库和中间件
windows:    xx.exe  xx.msi   | windows系统软件无法在Linux中执行
$# 1.
linux: 软件包类型:
	rpm软件包:	已经编译好的二进制软件包，可以在系统中直接进行安装
		安装速度快
		不灵活，针对某个平台，通常只支持特定的平
		台( centos)，极大的软件依赖
		无法修改源代码(高手可以做反编译)
	源代码包: 没有经过二进制编译的软件，无法在系统直接进行安装使用，需要进行编译之后可以进行安装使用
		安装过程及其负责， 容易出错，不好排错
		灵活，可以修改源代码
		
$# 2. linux软件包获取:
	(1) 官方网站下载 (把部分都是源码包)
	(2) 安装光盘package路径 (包含大量rpm包)
	(3) 软件仓库中 (包含大量rpm包)


$# 3. 获取安装光盘package路径中的软件包
	(1) 确保主机连接到ISO光盘
	(2) 光盘挂载
[root@HCIE ~]# 
[root@HCIE ~]#  mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
[root@HCIE ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@HCIE mnt]# ls
CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL
[root@HCIE mnt]# 
[root@HCIE Packages]# ls | wc -l
3895
[root@HCIE Packages]#

19.2 RPM包概述

$# 1. RPM (Redhat Package Manager)

http://rpm.org/
RPM Package Manager

httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm  软件包全名

httpd		软件包名称
2.4.6		软件包版本
67			软件包发行次数
el7			使用于RHEL 7 系统系列
centos		精确适用于centos平台
x86			软件包适用于x86平台
64			64位软件版本

noarch		该软件包适用于el7平台的不同系统，不受到限制
yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm

19.3 RPM软件包安装

$# 1. rpm 工具介绍
	1.1 软件包类型
	1.2 软件包安装工具
		采用rpm软件工具安装rpm类型的软件包
		
rpm软件工具通常在系统出厂自带
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm --version
RPM version 4.11.3
[root@HCIE Packages]# 

如果系统中出厂没有自带rpm安装工具，需要下载rpm安装工具，rpm安装工具需要采用源码包安装
http://rpm.org/download.html
rpm-4.18.0.tar.bz2

$# 2. rpm 工具使用
	rpm 相关常用重要参数
	-i : 安装
	-v : 显示安装详细信息
	-e : 卸载
	-h : 显示安装进度
	-q : 查看软件包是否安装
	-qa : 查看该系统中安装的所有RPM软件包
	-qi : 查看安装的软件信息
	-ql : 查看软件的安装位置
	-qf : 查看软件包的安装来源
	--force : 强制安装

# 查看该系统中安装的所有RPM软件包数量
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -qa | wc -l
1281
[root@HCIE Packages]# 

# 安装软件
[root@HCIE Packages]# pwd
/mnt/Packages
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7              ################################# [100%]
[root@HCIE Packages]# 

# 查询是否安装
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -q vsftpd 
vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -qa | grep -i "vsftpd"
vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64
[root@HCIE Packages]# 

# 查看安装的软件信息
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -qi vsftpd 
Name        : vsftpd
Version     : 3.0.2
Release     : 22.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Wed 08 Feb 2023 01:22:20 AM CST
Group       : System Environment/Daemons
Size        : 356236
License     : GPLv2 with exceptions
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Fri 11 Aug 2017 04:17:26 AM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM  : vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.src.rpm
Build Date  : Thu 03 Aug 2017 02:10:20 PM CST
Build Host  : c1bm.rdu2.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor      : CentOS
URL         : https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.html
Summary     : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
Description :
vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from
scratch.
[root@HCIE Packages]# 


# 查看软件的安装位置
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -ql vsftpd 
/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd
/var/ftp/pub
[root@HCIE Packages]# 

# 卸载软件
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -evh vsftpd
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Cleaning up / removing...
   1:vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7              ################################# [100%]
[root@HCIE Packages]# 
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -q vsftpd 
package vsftpd is not installed
[root@HCIE Packages]#

19.4 RPM软件包依赖问题

$# 1. 软件包依赖
在安装当前软件时，必须提前安装其他软件 (安装A之前，必须安装B)



$# 2. 树形依赖/模块依赖/环形依赖
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -q httpd
package httpd is not installed
[root@HCIE Packages]# 
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
warning: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	/etc/mime.types is needed by httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
	httpd-tools = 2.4.6-67.el7.centos is needed by httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
	libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
	libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@HCIE Packages]# 

[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
warning: httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
	libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@HCIE Packages]# 

[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -q libapr
package libapr is not installed
[root@HCIE Packages]# 

*如果在软件安装依赖中出现 so.0()表示模块依赖，需要查找模块对应的RPM软件包
http://www.rpmfind.net/

在这里插入图片描述

[root@HCIE Packages]# ls | grep -i apr
apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
apr-devel-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
haproxy-1.5.18-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -ivh apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:apr-1.4.8-3.el7                  ################################# [100%]
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -ivh apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7             ################################# [100%]
[root@HCIE Packages]# 

[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
warning: httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos  ################################# [100%]
[root@HCIE Packages]# 
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
warning: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	/etc/mime.types is needed by httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@HCIE Packages]#

在这里插入图片描述

# 依赖某个软件包里面的程序
[root@HCIE Packages]# ls | grep -i "mailcap"
mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@HCIE Packages]# 
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -ivh mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm 
warning: mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7             ################################# [100%]
[root@HCIE Packages]# 
[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -ivh httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
warning: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos        ################################# [100%]
[root@HCIE Packages]# 

[root@HCIE Packages]# rpm -qa | grep -i "httpd"
httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@HCIE Packages]#

19.5 DPKG软件包

$# 1.
fedora / RHEL / centos / Rocky / Euleros -> 软件包格式rpm

SUSE opensuse -> 软件包格式rpm


Debian / Ubuntu / kail -> 软件包格式deb / 安装工具 Debian Package (DPKG)


dpkg -l # 查看已经安装的deb软件包
dpkg -i xxxx.deb # 安装软件包 (全名)
dpkg -r xxxx     # 卸载软件包 (软件名)

19.6 linux 软件包前端工具

$# 1.
rpm方式/dpkg方式 安装软件包时，需要自己处理依赖关系
可以通过linux软件包前端工具自动处理依赖关系

fedora / RHEL / centos / Rocky / Euleros -> 软件包格式rpm/安装工具rpm  /前端工具yum/dnf

SUSE opensuse -> 软件包格式rpm /前端工具zypper


Debian / Ubuntu / kail -> 软件包格式deb / 安装工具 Debian Package (DPKG) /前端工具apt(apt-get)

windows / 前端工具winget
MACOS / 前端工具brew

19.7 windows 前端工具winget

$# 1. 实际上是去远端仓库
(部分)windows 11系统自带winget
windows10/11系统可以

winget工具 - 远程仓库在国外
C:\Users\zy>winget -v
v1.4.10173
C:\Users\zy>

winget search  xxxx  	# 软件搜索
winget install xxxx  	# 软件安装
winget uninstall xxxx 	# 软件卸载


https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/package-manager/winget/

19.8 linux 前端工具yum概述

$# 1.
yum (Yellow dog Updater, Modified)
作用: 解决rpm软件包安装依赖性
基础原理:	从远端仓库中下载软件并且安装

yum仓库:
	yum远程仓库: 远程仓库通常由官方搭建
	yum本地仓库: 本地仓库通常由自己搭建
	
yum配置文件
	记录yum仓库信息
	/etc/yum.repos.d/
	文件格式: xxx.repo
	在使用yum安装软件之前，必须要创建yum仓库配置文件

[root@HCIE Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 

$# 2. yum仓库
1. Base(默认使用)
CentOS-Base.repo 	# 基础yum远程仓库

2. Media(默认情况下不用)
CentOS-Media.repo 

3. other(提供额外扩展功能，特定情况下会被使用)
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo   CentOS-CR.repo    
CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

$# 3. yum仓库配置文件信息

[仓库名称]	
baseurl = 仓库位置-链接              # 官方源
mirrorlist = 镜像列表-链接(高可用)    # 官方镜像源
enabled=0    该仓库不可用          1该仓库可用（default)
gpgcheck=0    不对软件包进行校验    1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7        ///软件包校验密钥文件路径
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# more CentOS-Base.repo 


[base] - 基础软件包
[updates] - 发布软件更新仓库
[extras] - 额外附加软件包仓库
[centosplus] - centos功能扩展附加软件包仓库

# baseurl/mirrorlist的区别
mirrorlist 链接中的存储软件包和baseurl是相同的，
1. 提供mirrorlist 增加baseurl的可用性
2. 就近下载
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra

baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# nslookup mirrorlist.centos.org
Server:		114.114.114.114
Address:	114.114.114.114#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	mirrorlist.centos.org
Address: 85.236.43.108
Name:	mirrorlist.centos.org
Address: 67.219.148.138
Name:	mirrorlist.centos.org
Address: 18.225.36.18

[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 


[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# nslookup mirror.centos.org
Server:		114.114.114.114
Address:	114.114.114.114#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	mirror.centos.org
Address: 43.205.141.181
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 

默认情况下
mirrorlist
# baseurl 添加了注释，不用

19.9 设置yum远程仓库

$# 1. 国内第三方镜像源
目前 centos官方源/官方镜像软件源都不在国内，国内大陆服务器访问速度相对较慢


$# 2.
1. 备份原有的默认仓库配置文件
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# ls
bak
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 

2. 创建/下载新的仓库配置文件
https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2023-02-08 04:48:29--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 120.226.194.118, 120.226.194.119, 120.226.194.112, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|120.226.194.118|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’

100%[========================================================>] 2,523       --.-K/s   in 0s      

2023-02-08 04:48:35 (591 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2523/2523]
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# ls
bak  CentOS-Base.repo
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 

[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7
base  extras  timedhosts  timedhosts.txt  updates
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 



3. 清楚原有的本地配置文件
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7
base  extras  timedhosts  updates
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /var/cache/yum
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 



4. 重新建立yum缓存
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum makecache 



5. 查看系统的所有yum源
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id                        repo name                                           status
base/7/x86_64                  CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                enabled: 10,072
centosplus/7/x86_64            CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com                disabled
contrib/7/x86_64               CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com             disabled
extras/7/x86_64                CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com              enabled:    515
updates/7/x86_64               CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com             enabled:  4,691
repolist: 15,278
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 



6. 查看系统中可用的yum源
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id                           repo name                                                 status
base/7/x86_64                     CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                      10,072
extras/7/x86_64                   CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                       515
updates/7/x86_64                  CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                    4,691
repolist: 15,278
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]#

19.10 yum 软件包管理

$# 1. 常见参数
1. 安装卸载
	install 安装
	remove  卸载
	-y    查询时使用，自动填写yes
	histor 查看历史

[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum -y remove httpd
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum -y install httpd


2. 历史查看
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum history
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum history info 2
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# more /var/log/yum.log
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum history undo 22         # 删除掉历史记录22的所有安装


3.	更新/升级
	update 更新
	upgrade 升级 (会删除旧版本)
	
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum -y update http
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum -y upgrade http
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 

yum update  &&  obsoletes=0 (不会删除旧版本)
yum update --absoletes = yum upgrade(会删除旧版本)
--absoletes 


[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# more /etc/yum.conf
obsoletes=1 (会删除旧版本)      # yum update = yum upgrade
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 

4. 查看当前软件仓库中的可用的软件包
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep -i vsftpd
vsftpd.x86_64                               3.0.2-29.el7_9             updates  
vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64                      3.0.2-29.el7_9             updates  
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum list

19.11 epel软件仓库

$# Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux - EPEL
1. fedora社区打造高质量软件仓库(有部分EHEL收费的软件包)
2. 免费

# 使用官方epel源
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep -i "epel"
epel-release.noarch                         7-11                       extras   
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release.noarch 

[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# ls
bak  CentOS-Base.repo  epel.repo  epel-testing.repo
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# 
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled



# 使用阿里云第三方epel源
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@HCIE yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache

19.12 yum本地ISO仓库管理

$# 1. 本地无网络场景下，挂载ISO镜像
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak2
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak2
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 


[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/       # 临时挂载ISO到本地，重启就没了

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local_mnt.repo
[local_mnt]
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0   # 不联网，不需要校验
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#    

file://  # 本地文件系统
file:///mnt   # 本地文件系统跟路径下的mnt路径


[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository 'local_mnt' is missing name in configuration, using id
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                          repo name                          status
local_mnt                        local_mnt                        enabled: 3,894
repolist: 3,894
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

19.13 软件包组管理

$# 1. minimal安装，想装GUI

minimal: 200多个包，连vim都没有
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak2
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak2
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/       # 临时挂载ISO到本地，重启就没了
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local_mnt.repo
[local_mnt]
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0   # 不联网，不需要校验
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# df -Th
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | wc -l
299
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum group list
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository 'local_mnt' is missing name in configuration, using id
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Environment Groups:
   Minimal Install
   Compute Node
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Development Tools
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
Done
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 


[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum group install -y "Server with GUI"
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | wc -l
1369
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

# 设置图形化方法启动
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl set-default graphical.target 
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# reboot