SpringBoot学习（第一个Spring Boot）

什么是Spring Boot?

Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架，其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置，从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置。简而言之，Spring Boot通过提供默认配置的方式整合了所有的框架，让我们可以更加简单、快速、方便地构建应用程序。

为什么要用Spring Boot?

Spring Boot包含以下几个特性:

1. 默认提供了大部分框架的使用方式，方便进行快速集成
2. Spring Boot应用可以独立运行，符合微服务的开发理念
3. Spring Boot内置WEB容器，无需部署WAR包即可运行
4. 提供了各种生产就绪型功能，如指标，健康检查和外部配置
5. Spring Boot通过网站提供了项目模板，方便项目的初始化

1. 创建maven工程    和JDKbanben
   maven文件中settings.xml文件设置，配置阿里云镜和JDK版本

     <mirrors>    
       <mirror>
           <id>alimaven</id>
           <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
           <name>aliyun maven</name>
           <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url>
       </mirror>
     </mirrors>
   
     <profiles>
       <profile>
         <id>jdk-1.8</id>
         <activation>
   	    <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
           <jdk>1.8</jdk>
         </activation>
         <properties>
           <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
   		<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
   		<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
         </properties>
      </profile>
     </profiles>

2. 引入依赖
   在pom.xml文件中加入以下依赖

       <parent>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
           <version>2.5.4</version>
       </parent>
   
       <dependencies>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
           </dependency>
       </dependencies>

3. 创建主程序

   @SpringBootApplication 注解：标注这是一个主程序类
   作用：扫描当前包及其子包和标注有@Controller、@Service、@Resposity注解的类，并将其添加到Spring容器进行管理
   

   /**
    * @SpringBootApplication 注解：标注这是一个主程序类
    */
   @SpringBootApplication
   public class ManiApplication {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
   //        启动spring应用
           SpringApplication.run(ManiApplication.class, args);
       }
   }

4. 编写业务

   @RestController注解，相当于@Controller+@ResponseBody两个注解的结合，返回json数据不需要在方法前面加@ResponseBody注解了，但使用@RestController这个注解，就不能返回jsp,html页面，视图解析器无法解析jsp,html页面

   /**
    * @RestController 注解：相当于下面两个注解
    *      @Controller
    *      @ResponseBody
    */
   @RestController
   public class HelloController {
   
       @RequestMapping("/hello")
       public String handle(){
           return "HelloSpringBoot2";
       }
   }
   

5. 测试
   直接运行main方法即可

     .   ____          _            __ _ _
    /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
   ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
    \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
     '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
    =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
    :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.5.4)
   
   2021-09-09 22:15:31.185  INFO 12872 --- [           main] com.jxqn.springboot.ManiApplication      : Starting ManiApplication using Java 1.8.0_144 on DESKTOP-C6K2ACT with PID 12872 (E:\Users\ASUS\IdeaProjects\springboot\hellospringboot\target\classes started by ASUS in E:\Users\ASUS\IdeaProjects\springboot)
   2021-09-09 22:15:31.188  INFO 12872 --- [           main] com.jxqn.springboot.ManiApplication      : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
   2021-09-09 22:15:31.932  INFO 12872 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
   2021-09-09 22:15:31.941  INFO 12872 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
   2021-09-09 22:15:31.941  INFO 12872 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.52]
   2021-09-09 22:15:31.944  INFO 12872 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : An older version [1.2.23] of the Apache Tomcat Native library is installed, while Tomcat recommends a minimum version of [1.2.30]
   2021-09-09 22:15:31.945  INFO 12872 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : Loaded Apache Tomcat Native library [1.2.23] using APR version [1.7.0].
   2021-09-09 22:15:31.945  INFO 12872 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true], UDS [false].
   2021-09-09 22:15:31.945  INFO 12872 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : APR/OpenSSL configuration: useAprConnector [false], useOpenSSL [true]
   2021-09-09 22:15:31.949  INFO 12872 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 1.1.1c  28 May 2019]
   2021-09-09 22:15:32.044  INFO 12872 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
   2021-09-09 22:15:32.044  INFO 12872 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 809 ms
   2021-09-09 22:15:32.281  INFO 12872 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
   2021-09-09 22:15:32.288  INFO 12872 --- [           main] com.jxqn.springboot.ManiApplication      : Started ManiApplication in 1.455 seconds (JVM running for 2.296)

6. 简化配置

   #将默认的端口号8080修改为8888
   server.port=8888

                 

2021-09-09 22:17:24.666  INFO 9888 --- [           main] com.jxqn.springboot.ManiApplication      : Starting ManiApplication using Java 1.8.0_144 on DESKTOP-C6K2ACT with PID 9888 (E:\Users\ASUS\IdeaProjects\springboot\hellospringboot\target\classes started by ASUS in E:\Users\ASUS\IdeaProjects\springboot)
2021-09-09 22:17:24.681  INFO 9888 --- [           main] com.jxqn.springboot.ManiApplication      : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-09-09 22:17:25.365  INFO 9888 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8888 (http)
2021-09-09 22:17:25.372  INFO 9888 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2021-09-09 22:17:25.372  INFO 9888 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.52]
2021-09-09 22:17:25.373  INFO 9888 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : An older version [1.2.23] of the Apache Tomcat Native library is installed, while Tomcat recommends a minimum version of [1.2.30]
2021-09-09 22:17:25.373  INFO 9888 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : Loaded Apache Tomcat Native library [1.2.23] using APR version [1.7.0].
2021-09-09 22:17:25.373  INFO 9888 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true], UDS [false].
2021-09-09 22:17:25.373  INFO 9888 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : APR/OpenSSL configuration: useAprConnector [false], useOpenSSL [true]
2021-09-09 22:17:25.376  INFO 9888 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 1.1.1c  28 May 2019]
2021-09-09 22:17:25.440  INFO 9888 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2021-09-09 22:17:25.440  INFO 9888 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 712 ms
2021-09-09 22:17:25.682  INFO 9888 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8888 (http) with context path ''
2021-09-09 22:17:25.689  INFO 9888 --- [           main] com.jxqn.springboot.ManiApplication      : Started ManiApplication in 1.342 seconds (JVM running for 2.126)

 端口号已经被修改为8888

在浏览器地址栏输入：http://localhost:8888/hello