新手小白学JAVA API Object String StringBuffer/StringBuilder

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-21 22:24:29 发布

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分类专栏： java基础

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43884234/article/details/116864328

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1 前言

亲爱的小伙伴萌,目前我们看到的是Java基础部分的一个新的部分API,这是个啥,又能做啥呢?
其实可以概括成一句话:帮助我们站在巨人的肩膀上,实现更加高效的开发,那么我们来一探究竟吧~

2 什么是API

API（Application Programming Interface，应用程序接口）是一些预先定义的函数。目的是提供应用程序与开发人员基于某软件可以访问的一些功能集，但又无需访问源码或理解内部工作机制的细节.
API是一种通用功能集,有时公司会将API作为其公共开放系统,也就是公司制定自己的系统接口标准,当需要进行系统整合,自定义和程序应用等操作时,公司所有成员都可以通过该接口标准调用源代码.

Java.util包是java中的工具包,包含各种实用工具类/集合类/日期时间工具等各种常用工具包

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Arrays;

java.lang包是java的核心,包含了java基础类

包括基本Object类/Class类/String类/基本数学类等最基本的类,这个包无需导入,默认会自动导入

import java.lang.Object;
import java.lang.String;
import java.lang.StringBuilder/StringBuffer;
正则表达式
包装类等等 –

那么接下来我们会学习一些常用的类,帮助大家完成"基建工程",首先第一位选手就是传说中的Object类

3 Object

3.1概念

Object类是所有Java类的祖先,也就是说我们所说的”顶级父类”
它存在于java.lang.Object,这个包不需要我们手动导包
需要注意的是:每个类都使用Object作为超类.所有对象(包括数组)都实现这个类的方法.
在不明确给出超类的情况下,Java会自动把Object类作为要定义类的超类.
在这里插入图片描述

3.2 常用方法介绍

toString()

本方法用于返回对应对象的字符串表示

hashCode()

本方法用于返回对应对象的哈希码值
小贴士:哈希码值的得出是通过一种算法,意在让不同的对象具有不同的哈希码值,用于区分不同的对象.
但是有时候也存在不同对象哈希码值相同的特殊情况,我们称之为”哈希碰撞”现象

equals()

本方法用于指示其他某个对象是否与当前对象”相等”

3.3 练习: Object类练习

创建包: cn.tedu.api
创建类: TestObject.java

package cn.tedu.api;

import java.util.Objects;

/*本类用于测试顶级父类Object/
//总结:
//1.如果想要查看对象的属性值,需要重写toString()
// 否则使用的就是Object的默认实现,打印的是对象的地址值
//2.如果要判断两个对象间的所有属性值相同,比较结果为true,就需要重写equals()
// 否则使用的就是Object的默认实现,通过比较的是两个对象的地址值,不是属性
public class TestObject {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//4.创建对象进行测试
Student s = new Student(“海绵宝宝”,3);
Student s2 = new Student(“海绵宝宝”,3);
/测试toString():返回的是该对象的字符串表示/
/查看源码的方式:按住Ctrl键,移到目标位置,鼠标点击即可/
//5.打印s对象
//5.1测试1打印的是cn.tedu.api.Student@1b6d3586,是地址值,因为Object默认实现:
//return getClass().getName() + “@” + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
//5.2测试2打印的是Student{name=‘海绵宝宝’, age=3},是重写toString()以后的结果
System.out.println(s);
/测试hashcode()/
//6.测试hashCode()
System.out.println(s.hashCode());//460141958
//7.测试equals()
//7.1第一次测试执行结果是false
//底层:用了进行对象间的比较,==比较的是两个对象的地址值,s和s2是两个对象,地址值不同
//public boolean equals(Object obj) { return (this == obj);}
//需求:比较s与s2对象,如果属性值相同,就认为是同一个对象,并让equals()返回true
//7.2第二次测试执行结果是true
System.out.println(s.equals(s2));
}
}
//1.创建学生类
class Student{
//2.定义属性
String name;//姓名
int age;//年龄
//3.生成构造方法
//右键-Generate-Constructor-按住Shift可以全选属性
//3.1定义无参构造
public Student() { }
//3.2定义全参构造
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
//6.添加重写的toString()
@Override
public String toString() {
return “Student{” +
“name=’” + name + ‘’’ +
“, age=” + age +
‘}’;
}

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Object o<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> o<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>o <span class="token operator">==</span> null <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token function">getClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> o<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    Student student <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Student<span class="token punctuation">)</span> o<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> age <span class="token operator">==</span> student<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> Objects<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> student<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

4 String

4.1 特点

String是一个封装char[]数组的对象,字符串不可变
通过下图中的底层实现可以看出:被final修饰,是常量
String str = “abc”; 等效于：char data[] = {‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’};
在这里插入图片描述

4.2 创建String对象的方式

方式一:
String(char[] value) 分配一个新的 String，使其表示字符数组参数中当前包含的字符序列。
方式二: String str = “abc”;
在这里插入图片描述

如果是第一次使用字符串，java会在字符串堆中常量池创建一个对象。
再次使用相同的内容时，会直接访问堆中常量池中存在的对象。

4.3 常见方法

length()-查看字符串的长度
charAt()—获取指定下标处位置上的字符
lastIndexOf()-某个字符最后一次出现的位置
substring()-截取子串,如果参数有两个左闭右开[1,5)
equals()-判断两个串是否相等,注意String重写了Object的此方法,所以内容相同就返回true
startsWith()-判断是不是以参数开头
endsWith()–判断是不是以参数结尾
split()—以指定字符分割
trim()-去掉首尾两端的空格
getBytes()-把串转换成数组
toUpperCase()-变成全大写
toLowerCase()-变成全小写
String.valueOf(10)-把int类型的10转换成String类型

4.4 练习:String常用方法练习

创建包: cn.tedu.api
创建类: TestString.java

package cn.tedu.api;
/*本类用于测试String类的用法*/
public class TestString {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建String对象方式一
        /*1.字符串底层维护的是char[].存放在堆中*/
        char[] value = {'a','b','c'};
        String s1 = new String(value);
        String s11 = new String(value);
        //2.创建String对象方式二
        /*2.此种方式创建,底层也会new String(),存放在堆中常量池,效率高*/
        String s2 = "abc";
        String s22 =  "abc";
        //3.测试
        /*3.==比较的是地址值
        Object中equals()的默认实现比较的也是==地址值
        但String类对此方法做了重写,比较的就是字符串的具体内容*/
        System.out.println(s1 == s2);//false
        System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));//true
        System.out.println(s1 == s11);//false,没有高效效果
        System.out.println(s2 == s22);//true,有高效的效果
    }
}

 
 
 
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创建包: cn.tedu.api
创建类: TestString2.java

package cn.tedu.api;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Locale;

/本类用于测试String常用方法/
public class TestString2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建字符串–堆中常量池,有高效效果
String s = “abc”;
char[] value = { ‘a’,‘b’,‘c’,‘b’};
String ss = new String(value);

    <span class="token comment">//2.测试常用方法</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">charAt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//b,获取下标为1处位置上的字符</span>

    String s2 <span class="token operator">=</span> s<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"cxy"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//拼接字符串,但是并不影响本串的值</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//abccxy,如果想多次使用,可以再定义一个变量保存拼接结果</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//abc,串s本身的值没有被影响</span>

    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">endsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"y"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//false,判断是否以指定元素结尾</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"a"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//ture,判断是否以指定元素开头</span>

    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ss<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//true,String重写了,比较的是串本身的内容</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s <span class="token operator">==</span> ss<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//false,比较的是地址值,一个高效在堆中常量池,一个不是,地址值不同</span>

    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//[B@1b6d3586,把字符串转化成byte[],所以打印数组地址值</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">indexOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"b"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//1,获取b字符在串中第一次出现的下标值</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ss<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lastIndexOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"b"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//3,获取b字符在串中最后一次出现的位置</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ss<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//4,获取指定字符串的长度</span>

    String s3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"a b c d e"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">/*本方法的作用是根据指定元素分割字符串,返回值类型是String[]*/</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//[Ljava.lang.String;@4554617c</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//使用数组工具类打印数组具体元素</span>

    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substring</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">// c d e,从下标为3的位置处开始截取剩下的字符串</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substring</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">// b c,截取的[1.5)的字符串,含头不含尾</span>

    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toUpperCase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//A B C D E,把串变成全大写</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toLowerCase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//a b c d e,把串变成全小写</span>

    s3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"       abced     "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">trim</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//abced,去除数据首尾两端的空格</span>

    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">valueOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//10,把int10转成成String类型</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"20"</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//2010,String与int数据进行了拼接</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">valueOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//1010,把int10转成成String类型</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//20,int10+int10=int20</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

5 StringBuilder/StringBuffer

5.1 特点

封装了char[]数组
是可变的字符序列
提供了一组可以对字符内容修改的方法
常用append()来代替字符串做字符串连接”+”
内部字符数组默认初始容量是16：super(str.length() + 16);
如果大于16会尝试将扩容，新数组大小原来的变成2倍+2，容量如果还不够，直接扩充到需要的容量大小。int newCapacity = value.length * 2 + 2;
StringBuffer 1.0出道线程安全，StringBuilder1.5出道线程不安全

5.2 常见方法

append()

5.3 练习3：测试字符串连接

创建包: cn.tedu. api
创建类: TestString2.java

需求: 测试+拼接字符串的效率
package cn.tedu.api;
/**本类用于测试字符串拼接的效率*/
public class TestString3 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//method();//完成通过"+"进行拼接
		method2();//优化"+"拼接
	}
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">method2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
	<span class="token comment">//1.定义字符串</span>
	String str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	
	<span class="token comment">//2.将指定的字符串拼接10000次</span>
	<span class="token comment">/**优化1:String--&gt;StringBuffer/StringBuilder*/</span>
	StringBuffer sb <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">StringBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//创建工具类对象1</span>
	StringBuilder sb2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">StringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//创建工具类对象2</span>
	
	<span class="token comment">//2.2拼接10000次</span>
	<span class="token comment">/**4.可以添加一个计时功能*/</span>
	<span class="token comment">//4.1获取系统当前时间作为开始时间</span>
	<span class="token keyword">long</span> t1 <span class="token operator">=</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentTimeMillis</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//ms</span>
	<span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10000</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
		<span class="token comment">/**优化2:+ --&gt;append() */</span>
		<span class="token comment">//result = result + str;</span>
		sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		<span class="token comment">//sb2.append(str);</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	<span class="token comment">//4.2获取系统当前时间作为结束时间</span>
	<span class="token keyword">long</span> t2 <span class="token operator">=</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentTimeMillis</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//ms</span>
	<span class="token comment">//3.打印拼接好的字符串</span>
	<span class="token comment">//注意:eclipse控制台显示数据有限制,都打印在同一行了,所以控制台看不出来打印的内容</span>
	<span class="token comment">//可以通过全选,复制拿出来看数据是否拼接成功</span>
	<span class="token comment">//4.3打印拼接总共花费的总时长</span>
	System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//打印拼接的结果</span>
	System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>t2<span class="token operator">-</span>t1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">method</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
	<span class="token comment">//1.定义字符串</span>
	String str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	
	<span class="token comment">//2.将指定的字符串拼接10000次</span>
	<span class="token comment">//2.1定义变量,用来保存最终拼接的结果</span>
	String result <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token comment">//2.2拼接10000次</span>
	<span class="token comment">/**4.可以添加一个计时功能*/</span>
	<span class="token comment">//4.1获取系统当前时间作为开始时间</span>
	<span class="token keyword">long</span> t1 <span class="token operator">=</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentTimeMillis</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//ms</span>
	<span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10000</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
		result <span class="token operator">=</span> result <span class="token operator">+</span> str<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	<span class="token comment">//4.2获取系统当前时间作为结束时间</span>
	<span class="token keyword">long</span> t2 <span class="token operator">=</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentTimeMillis</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//ms</span>
	<span class="token comment">//3.打印拼接好的字符串</span>
	<span class="token comment">//注意:eclipse控制台显示数据有限制,都打印在同一行了,所以控制台看不出来打印的内容</span>
	<span class="token comment">//可以通过全选,复制拿出来看数据是否拼接成功</span>
	System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	
	<span class="token comment">//4.3打印拼接总共花费的总时长</span>
	System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>t2<span class="token operator">-</span>t1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

6 拓展

6.1 ==和equals的区别

1.当使用比较时，如果相比较的两个变量是引用类型，那么比较的是两者的物理地值（内存地址），如果相比较的两个变量都是数值类型，那么比较的是具体数值是否相等。
2.当使用equals()方法进行比较时，比较的结果实际上取决于equals()方法的具体实现
众所周知，任何类都继承自Object类，因此所有的类均具有Object类的特性，比如String、integer等，他们在自己的类中重写了equals()方法，此时他们进行的是数值的比较，而在Object类的默认实现中，equals()方法的底层是通过来实现的。

6.2 练习: ==与equals测试

创建包: cn.tedu.api
创建类: Test.java

package cn.tedu.api;
/**本类用于测试==与equlas的区别*/
public class Test{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Person p1 = new Person("凹凸曼",16);
		Person p2 = new Person("凹凸曼",16);
	System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p1 <span class="token operator">==</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//false,new了两个对象,p1和p2保存的地址值不同</span>
	System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">==</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//true,name是String类型,保存在常量池中,值是同一个</span>
	System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">==</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//true,age是int基本类型,保存的值都是18</span>
	
	<span class="token comment">//第一次测试:结果false,使用的是Object默认的逻辑,也是用==来比较的</span>
	<span class="token comment">//第二次测试:结果true,重写equals()后,就会使用子类重写后的功能,也就是说此时比较的不再是地址,而是类型&amp;属性值</span>
	System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

//1.创建Person类
class Person {
String name;
int age;

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
	System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"我是手动添加的无参构造"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
	<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//需求:比较两个对象的属性值,如果属性值都一样,就是"同一个对象",要求equals返回true</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Object obj<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
	<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> obj<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
		<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj <span class="token operator">==</span> null<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
		<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">getClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
		<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	Person other <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">)</span> obj<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>age <span class="token operator">!=</span> other<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
		<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>name <span class="token operator">==</span> null<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
		<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>other<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">!=</span> null<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
			<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>name<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>other<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
		<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

6.3 StringBuilder和StringBuffer的区别

1.在线程安全上 :
–StringBuffer是旧版本就提供的，线程安全的。@since JDK1.0
–StringBuilder是jdk1.5后产生，线程不安全的。@since 1.5
2. 在执行效率上，StringBuilder > StringBuffer > String
3.源码体现：本质上都是在调用父类抽象类AbstractStringBuilder来干活，只不过Buffer把代码加了同步关键字，使得程序可以保证线程安全问题。
在这里插入图片描述