2021-11-06

#- 子查询

use mydb1;
#drop table emp;
CREATE TABLE emp(
    empno        INT,
    ename        VARCHAR(50),
    job        VARCHAR(50),
    mgr        INT,
    hiredate    DATE,
    sal        DECIMAL(7,2),
    comm        DECIMAL(7,2),
    deptno        INT
) ;

INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,'1980-12-17',800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-20',1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-22',1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,'1981-04-02',2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-28',1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,'1981-05-01',2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,'1981-06-09',2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,'1987-04-19',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1981-11-17',5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-08',1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,'1987-05-23',1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,'1981-12-03',950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,'1981-12-03',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1982-01-23',1300,NULL,10);

#drop table dept;
CREATE TABLE dept(
    deptno        INT,
    dname        VARCHAR(14),
    loc        VARCHAR(13)
);

INSERT INTO dept VALUES(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');

select * from dept;
select * from emp;
-- sql
-- 单行子查询(> < >= <= = <>)
    -- 查询出高于10号部门的平均工资的员工信息

select * from emp where sal>(select avg(sal) from emp where deptno=10) and deptno!=10;

-- 多行子查询(in  not in any all);
    -- 查询出比10号部门任何员工薪资高的员工信息

select * from emp where sal>any(select sal from emp where deptno=10)and deptno!=10;

-- 多列子查询(实际使用较少)
    -- 和10号部门同名同工作的员工信息

select * from emp where(ename,job) in(select ename,job from emp where deptno=10) and deptno!=10;

-- select 后面接子查询    
    -- 获取员工的名字和部门的名字

select e.ename 员工的名字,(select dname from dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno) from emp e;
select e.ename 员工的名字,d.dname 部门的名字 from dept d inner join emp e on d.deptno=e.deptno;

-- from 后面接子查询
    -- 查询emp表中经理信息

select * from emp where job='MANAGER';

 -- 薪资高于10号部门平均工资的所有员工信息

select * from emp where sal>(select avg(sal) from emp where deptno=10);

-- group by 后面接子查询

 -- 有哪些部门的平均工资高于30号部门的平均工资

select deptno,avg(sal) as department from emp  group by deptno having department>(select avg(sal) from emp where deptno=30);

-- 工资>JONES工资

select * from emp where sal>(select sal from emp where ename='JONES');

-- 查询与SCOTT同一个部门的员工

select * from emp where deptno=(select deptno from emp where ename='SCOTT') and ename!='SCOTT';

-- 工资高于30号部门所有人的员工信息

select * from emp where sal>(select max(sal) from emp where deptno=30);

-- 查询工作和工资与MARTIN完全相同的员工信息

select * from emp where job=(select job from emp where ename='MARTIN')and sal=(select sal from emp where ename='MARTIN');


select job,sal from emp where ename='MARTIN';
select * from emp where (job,sal) in(select job,sal from emp where ename='MARTIN');

-- 有两个以上直接下属的员工信息

select * from emp where deptno in(select mgr from emp group by mgr having count(mgr)>2);

select * from emp e1 where e1.deptno in(select e2.mgr from emp e2 group by e2.mgr having count(*)>2);

-- 查询员工编号为7788的员工名称,员工工资,部门名称,部门地址

select empno, e.ename,e.sal,d.dname,d.loc from emp e inner join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno where empno=7788;

-- SQL查询的综合案例
-- 1. 查询出高于本部门平均工资的员工信息

select * from emp e1 where sal>(select avg(sal) from emp e2 where e1.deptno=e2.deptno group by deptno );

-- 2. 列出达拉斯加工作的人中,比纽约平均工资高的人

select * from emp where deptno=(select deptno from dept where loc='DALLAS')and sal>(select avg(sal) from emp where deptno=(select deptno from dept where loc='NEW YORK'));

#select e.*,sal>(select avg(sal) from emp e inner join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno where d.loc="NEW YORK") from emp e inner join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno where loc="DALLAS";

-- 3. 查询7369员工编号,姓名,经理编号和经理姓名

select empno,ename,mgr from emp e inner join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno where empno=7369;

SELECT empno,ename,(SELECT mgr FROM emp WHERE empno=7369) AS 经理编号 
,(SELECT ename FROM emp WHERE empno =(SELECT mgr FROM emp WHERE empno=7369)) AS 经理姓名 FROM emp WHERE empno=7369;

-- 4. 查询出各个部门薪水最高的员工所有信息

select distinct * from emp e1 where sal=(select max(sal) from emp e2 where e1.deptno=e2.deptno group by deptno);

select deptno,max(sal) from emp group by deptno;

#### 面试题-- sql

CREATE TABLE test(
NAME CHAR(20),
kecheng CHAR(20),
fenshu CHAR(20)
);

INSERT INTO test VALUES
('张三','语文',81),
('张三','数学',75),
('李四','语文',76),
('李四','数学',90),
('王五','语文',81),
('王五','数学',82);

-- 请用一条Sql语句查处分数大于80的学生

select * from test where fenshu>80;