python---rabbitmq常规使用（发布订阅，路由模式）

在 Python 中使用 RabbitMQ，您可以使用pika库和paho库进行常规的 RabbitMQ 操作。以下是一个基本的示例，展示了如何在 Python 中连接到 RabbitMQ、发布消息和消费消息，其中发布消息的模式主要分为路由模式和发布订阅模式。

一、pika库（路由模式）

订阅者（带断连重连）

import json
import time
from threading import Thread

import pika


def listen_msg(channel):
    try:
        # 声明exchange和queue
        exchange_name = 'fireMonitoring'
        queue_name = 'iot_monitor_queue'
        routing_key = 'iot2monitor'

        channel.exchange_declare(exchange=exchange_name, exchange_type='direct')
        channel.queue_declare(queue=queue_name)
        channel.queue_bind(exchange=exchange_name, queue=queue_name, routing_key=routing_key)

        # 接收消息
        def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
            data = json.loads(body)
            breakercode = data['breakerCode']
            createtime = data['createTime']
            print(" [x] Received: %r" % data)

        channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

        print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit, press CTRL+C')
        channel.start_consuming()
    except Exception as e:
        print('mq断开连接', e)



def status_check():
    while True:
        try:
            credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('username', 'password')
            parameters = pika.ConnectionParameters('ip', 5672, '/', credentials, heartbeat=5)
            connection = pika.BlockingConnection(parameters)
            channel = connection.channel()
            listen_msg(channel)
        except Exception as e:
            time.sleep(5)
            print('连接mq失败，重试中。。。')


t = Thread(target=status_check)
t.start()

发布者：

import json

import pika


def send_msg(m):
    # 连接到RabbitMQ服务器
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('username', 'password')
    parameters = pika.ConnectionParameters('ip', '/', credentials)
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(parameters)
    channel = connection.channel()

    # 声明exchange和queue
    exchange_name = 'fireMonitoring'
    queue_name = 'iot_monitor_queue'
    routing_key = 'iot2monitor'

    channel.exchange_declare(exchange=exchange_name, exchange_type='direct')
    channel.queue_declare(queue=queue_name)
    channel.queue_bind(exchange=exchange_name, queue=queue_name, routing_key=routing_key)

    # 发送消息
    message = {
        "Code": f"123456--{m}",  # 编码
        "Time": "2222"  # 时间
    }
    channel.basic_publish(exchange=exchange_name, routing_key=routing_key, body=json.dumps(message))
    print(" [x] Sent: %r" % message)
    # 关闭连接
    connection.close()

for i in range(10):
    send_msg(i)

注：路由模式下如果多个订阅者同时订阅，将会轮换从队列里面取数据，并且数据被一个取走以后另一个就没这个数据了，两个订阅者接收到的数据加一起就是发布者发布的所有数据。

二、paho库（发布订阅模式）

订阅者（带断线重连）

import time
from threading import Thread

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt


def listen_msg1(client):
    try:
        def on_disconnect(client, userdata, rc):
            print('断开连接')
            raise

        # 处理消息
        def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
            print(456)
            print("Received message: ", msg.payload.decode())

        client.on_message = on_message
        client.on_disconnect = on_disconnect
        # 订阅主题
        topic = "chat"
        client.subscribe(topic, qos=0)

        # 循环接收消息
        client.loop_forever()
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)


def status_check():
    while True:
        try:
            host = "ip"  # RabbitMQ 服务器的主机名或 IP 地址
            port = 1883  # RabbitMQ 服务器的端口号
            username = "username"  # RabbitMQ 用户名
            password = "password"  # RabbitMQ 密码

            client = mqtt.Client()
            client.username_pw_set(username, password)
            client.connect(host, port, keepalive=5)

            listen_msg1(client)
        except Exception as e:
            time.sleep(1)
            print('连接mq失败，重试中。。。')


t = Thread(target=status_check)
t.start()

发布者

def send_msg1(d):
    # paho mqtt连接发布
    import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

    # 连接参数
    host = "ip"  # RabbitMQ 服务器的主机名或 IP 地址
    port = 1883  # RabbitMQ 服务器的端口号
    username = "username"  # RabbitMQ 用户名
    password = "password"  # RabbitMQ 密码

    # 连接到 RabbitMQ
    client = mqtt.Client()
    client.username_pw_set(username, password)
    client.connect(host, port, keepalive=5)

    # 发布消息
    topic = "chat"
    message = f"Hello, MQTT!---{i}"
    client.publish(topic, message)

    # 断开连接
    client.disconnect()


for i in range(5):
    send_msg1(i)

注：发布订阅模式下所有订阅者会接收到同样的数据，多个订阅者最终收到的数据是一致的。不存在差异，不排除网络问题导致的丢包问题导致的数据不一致。