java反射

反射(Reflection),是指Java程序具有在运行期分析类以及修改其本身状态或行为的能力。 通俗点说 就是 通过反射我们可以动态地获取一个类的所有属性和方法,还可以操作这些方法和属性.

package com.study.rejection;

public class ReflectionTest1 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {

//使用反射操作对象需要用到编译之后的Class 对象

User user = new User();

Class<?> c = user.getClass();

System.out.println(c);

Class<?> c2 = User.class;

System.out.println(c2);

Class<?> c3 = Class.forName("com.study.rejection.User");

System.out.println(c3);

Object obj = c3.newInstance(); //调用类的无参构造器

System.out.println(obj);

}

}

属性的操作

package com.study.rejection;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class ReflectionTest1 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException {

//使用反射操作对象需要用到编译之后的Class 对象

Class<?> c3 = Class.forName("com.study.rejection.User");

System.out.println(c3);

Object obj = c3.newInstance(); //调用类的无参构造器

System.out.println(obj);

//获取属性

Field[] fields = obj.getClass().getDeclaredFields();

for (Field field:fields) {

System.out.println(field.getName() +"========"+field.getType());

}

Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField("id");

System.out.println(field.getName() +"----"+field.getType());

field.setAccessible(true); //接触访问限制，不安全

field.set(obj,"1"); //设置值

System.out.println(obj);

Object id = field.get(obj);

System.out.println(id);

}

}

方法的操作

package com.study.rejection;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class ReflectionTest2 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {

Class<?> c3 = Class.forName("com.study.rejection.User");

Method[] methods = c3.getDeclaredMethods();

for (Method m : methods) {

System.out.println(m.getName());

Class<?>[] ps = m.getParameterTypes();

for (Class c : ps) {

System.out.println(c);

}

}

Object obj = c3.newInstance();;

Method method = c3.getDeclaredMethod("setId", String.class);

method.invoke(obj,"2"); //这样就可以不使用setAccessible

Method getMethod = c3.getDeclaredMethod("getId");

Object res = getMethod.invoke(obj);;

System.out.println(obj);

System.out.println(res);

}

}

泛型的实质

package com.study.rejection;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

public class ReflectionTest3 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {

//通过反射来看泛型的实质

//泛型是在编译之后被丢弃，那么不同类型的泛型信息保存在局部变量表中，等到

//程序真正运行的时候 通过反射 调用其对应的方法就可以将被擦除的泛型信息

//重新加载到内存中

List<String> stringList = new ArrayList<>();

stringList.add("HHH");

stringList.add("ww123");

Class<?> c = stringList.getClass(); //获取Class 对象

Method method = c.getDeclaredMethod("add",Object.class); //获取方法

method.invoke(stringList,123); //使用方法往数组中添加不同类型的数据

System.out.println(stringList);

}

}

构造器

package com.study.rejection;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

public class ReflectionTest4 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {

Class<?> c = Class.forName("com.study.rejection.User");

Constructor constructor = c.getConstructor();//获取无参构造器

Object obj = constructor.newInstance();

System.out.println(obj);

Constructor constructor2 = c.getConstructor(String.class,String.class,Integer.class, List.class);//获取有参构造器

List<String> hobbies = new ArrayList<String>();

hobbies.add("basketball");

Object obj2 = constructor2.newInstance("1","HHA",18,hobbies);

System.out.println(obj2);

}

}