Nginx基础

黑雅

于 2023-08-24 01:00:00 发布

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文章标签： nginx 运维网络

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58073742/article/details/132455761

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Nginx基础

Nginx特点

反向代理
负载均衡
动静分离

Nginx安装

1.官网下载Nginx安装包

cd /opt/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-x.xx.x.tar.gz

2.解压缩

tar -xzvf nginx-x.xx.x.tar.gz

3.进入Nginx目录

cd nginx-x.xx.x

4.安装

./configure --help 查看安装所需要的命令
./configure --prefix=PATH 安装的路径
安装过程中可能缺少某些库，例如pcre、zlib、openssl

5.编译

make && make install

如果没有设置安装路径默认路径是 /usr/local/nginx

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
nginx -v 查看nginx版本

6.启动Nginx服务

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx

7.查看服务是否启动

ps -ef|grep nginx

所需依赖

pcre zlib

常用命令

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx 启动服务
./nginx -s stop 强制停止
./nginx -s quit 安全退出
./nginx -s reload 重新加载配置文件
ps aux|grep nginx 查看nginx进程

注意：如果链接不上，检查服务器安全组是否开放端口，或者服务器防火墙是否开放端口

service firewalld start 开启防火墙
service firewalld restart 重启防火墙
service firewalld stop 关闭防火墙
firewall-cmd --list-all 查看防火墙规则
firewall-cmd --query-port=端口号/tcp 查询端口号是否开放
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=端口号/tcp 开放XX端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=端口号/tcp 移除XX端口号
firewall-cmd --reload 重启防火墙(修改配置后重启防火墙)

Nginx的配置文件

cd /usrl/local/nginx/conf

全局块

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;并发处理量，值越大并发处理越高

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

#pid logs/nginx.pid;

events块

Nginx服务器与用户的网络连接

events {
worker_connections 1024;最大连接数
}

http块

代理、缓存、日志绝大数功能和第三方模块都在这里配置

http全局块：文件引入、MIME-TYPE定义，日志自定义，连接超时时间，单连接请求数上限等

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #gzip  on;
    server {
        #监听端口
        listen       80;
        #主机名称
        server_name  localhost;
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
}

示例1.反向代理