lnmp源码部署
简介
LNMP代表的就是：Linux系统下Nginx+MySQL+PHP这种网站服务器架构。
Linux是一类Unix计算机操作系统的统称，是目前最流行的免费操作系统。代表版本有：debian、centos、ubuntu、fedora、gentoo等。
Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。
Mysql是一个小型关系型数据库管理系统。
这四种软件均为免费开源软件，组合到一起，成为一个免费、高效、扩展性强的网站服务系统。 [1]
特点
Nginx是一个小巧而高效的Linux下的Web服务器软件，是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler 站点开发的，已经在一些俄罗斯的大型网站上运行多年，相当的稳定。
Nginx性能稳定、功能丰富、运维简单、处理静态文件速度快且消耗系统资源极少。
优点
作为 Web 服务器：相比 Apache，Nginx 使用更少的资源，支持更多的并发连接，体现更高的效率。
作为负载均衡服务器：Nginx 既可以在内部直接支持Rails和PHP，也可以支持作为 HTTP代理服务器对外进行服务。Nginx 用C编写，不论是系统资源开销还是CPU使用效率都比Perlbal要好的多。
作为邮件代理服务器：Nginx同时也是一个非常优秀的邮件代理服务器（最早开发这个产品的目的之一也是作为邮件代理服务器），Last/fm 描述了成功并且美妙的使用经验。
Nginx 安装非常的简单，配置文件非常简洁（还能够支持perl语法）。Nginx支持平滑加载新的配置，还能够在不间断服务的情况下进行软件版本的升级。
准备安装包
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz php-8.0.10.tar.gz
kernels nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
解压
[root@localhost src]# tar xf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# tar xf php-8.0.10.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
nginx安装
创建系统用户nginx
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
安装依赖环境
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
创建日志存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx
编译安装
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx-1.20.1 /usr/local/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-debug \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log && make && make install
配置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
mysql安装
创建MySQL用户
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
下载依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs
创建软连接
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'
修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
添加环境变量
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
创建数据存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
初始化数据存放目录
[root@localhost local]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user mysql --datadir /opt/data
2021-10-26T08:44:19.180331Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-10-26T08:44:21.232317Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-10-26T08:44:21.505523Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-10-26T08:44:21.586577Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ea22dfe8-3638-11ec-b1de-000c29e0e7fa.
2021-10-26T08:44:21.587932Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-10-26T08:44:22.801564Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-10-26T08:44:23.031816Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
配置mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
'/usr/local/include/mysql' -> '/usr/local/mysql/include/'
[root@localhost ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig
生成配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
配置服务启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
启动
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
. SUCCESS!
PHP安装
下载依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install sqlite-devel libzip-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
编译安装
[root@localhost]# cd /usr/local/php-8.0.10/
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php8 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# make && make install
安装后配置
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# which php
/usr/local/php8/bin/php
[root@localhost ~]# php -v
PHP 8.0.10 (cli) (built: Oct 26 2021 05:08:01) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.0.10, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
配置php-fpm
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# cp -f /usr/local/php-8.0.10/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# cp /usr/local/php-8.0.10/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm -f
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# cp -f /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# cp -f /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
启动
[root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
nginx配置
在 location 的 index 项中添加 index.php
删除 location ~ .php$ 大括号前的 #，并修改以下配置项：
修改 root 项为您的网站根目录，即 location 中的 root 项，本文以 /usr/local/nginx/html; 为例。
修改 fastcgi_pass 项为 unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;，Nginx 通过 UNIX 套接字与 PHP-FPM 建立联系，该配置与 /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 文件内的 listen 配置一致。
将 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME 后的 /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; 替换为 $document_root $fastcgi_script_name;。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
·····此处省略·····
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm; ##添加index。php
}
·····此处省略·····
·····此处省略·····
location ~ \.php$ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root $fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
·····此处省略·····
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> index.php
[root@localhost html]# cat index.php
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
php配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
·····此处省略·····
; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
; will be used.
user = nginx ##改为nginx用户
group = nginx ##改为nginx组
·····此处省略······
重启所有服务
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s stop
[root@localhost ~]# nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm done
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
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