SaltStack数据系统

JTLuo.

于 2021-11-02 19:00:33 发布

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分类专栏：自动化运维 Linux 笔记文章标签： linux saltstack

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58130165/article/details/121104843

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文章目录

1. SaltStack数据系统
2. SaltStack数据系统组件

1. SaltStack数据系统

SaltStack有两大数据系统，分别是：

Grains
Pillar

2. SaltStack数据系统组件

2.1 SaltStack组件之Grains

Grains是SaltStack的一个组件，其存放着minion启动时收集到的信息。

Grains是SaltStack组件中非常重要的组件之一，因为我们在做配置部署的过程中会经常使用它，Grains是SaltStack记录minion的一些静态信息的组件。可简单理解为Grains记录着每台minion的一些常用属性，比如CPU、内存、磁盘、网络信息等。我们可以通过grains.items查看某台minion的所有Grains信息。
Grains的功能：

收集资产信息
Grains应用场景：

信息查询

在命令行下进行目标匹配
在top file中进行目标匹配
在模板中进行目标匹配

信息查询实例：

//列出所有信息
[root@master base]# salt 'minion' grains.items
minion:
    ----------
    biosreleasedate:
        07/22/2020
    biosversion:
        6.00
    cpu_flags:
        - fpu
        - vme
        - de
        - pse
        - tsc
        - msr
        - pae
        - mce
        - cx8
        - apic
        - sep
        - mtrr
        - pge
        - mca
        - cmov
        - pat
        - pse36
        - clflush
        - mmx
        - fxsr
        - sse
        - sse2
        - ss
        - ht
        - syscall
        - nx
        - pdpe1gb
        - rdtscp
        - lm
        - constant_tsc
        - arch_perfmon
        - nopl
        - xtopology
        - tsc_reliable
        - nonstop_tsc
        - cpuid
        - pni
        - pclmulqdq
        - ssse3
        - fma
        - cx16
        - pcid
        - sse4_1
        - sse4_2
        - x2apic
        - movbe
        - popcnt
        - tsc_deadline_timer
        - aes
        - xsave
        - avx
        - f16c
        - rdrand
        - hypervisor
        - lahf_lm
        - abm
        - 3dnowprefetch
        - cpuid_fault
        - invpcid_single
        - ssbd
        - ibrs
        - ibpb
        - stibp
        - ibrs_enhanced
        - fsgsbase
        - tsc_adjust
        - bmi1
        - avx2
        - smep
        - bmi2
        - invpcid
        - rdseed
        - adx
        - smap
        - clflushopt
        - xsaveopt
        - xsavec
        - xgetbv1
        - xsaves
        - arat
        - md_clear
        - flush_l1d
        - arch_capabilities
    cpu_model:
        Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-10210U CPU @ 1.60GHz
    cpuarch:
        x86_64
    cwd:
        /
    disks:
        - sr0
        - sda
    dns:
        ----------
        domain:
        ip4_nameservers:
            - 114.114.114.114
        ip6_nameservers:
        nameservers:
            - 114.114.114.114
        options:
        search:
        sortlist:
    domain:
    efi:
        False
    efi-secure-boot:
        False
    fqdn:
        minion
    fqdn_ip4:
        - 192.168.122.1
        - 192.168.101.120
    fqdn_ip6:
        - fe80::45d1:1ca8:5c61:6479
    fqdns:
        - minion
    gid:
        0
    gpus:
        |_
          ----------
          model:
              SVGA II Adapter
          vendor:
              vmware
    groupname:
        root
    host:
        minion
    hwaddr_interfaces:
        ----------
        ens33:
            00:0c:29:f0:e5:49
        lo:
            00:00:00:00:00:00
        virbr0:
            52:54:00:a7:19:59
        virbr0-nic:
            52:54:00:a7:19:59
    id:
        minion
    init:
        systemd
    ip4_gw:
        192.168.101.2
    ip4_interfaces:
        ----------
        ens33:
            - 192.168.101.120
        lo:
            - 127.0.0.1
        virbr0:
            - 192.168.122.1
        virbr0-nic:
    ip6_gw:
        False
    ip6_interfaces:
        ----------
        ens33:
            - fe80::45d1:1ca8:5c61:6479
        lo:
            - ::1
        virbr0:
        virbr0-nic:
    ip_gw:
        True
    ip_interfaces:
        ----------
        ens33:
            - 192.168.101.120
            - fe80::45d1:1ca8:5c61:6479
        lo:
            - 127.0.0.1
            - ::1
        virbr0:
            - 192.168.122.1
        virbr0-nic:
    ipv4:
        - 127.0.0.1
        - 192.168.101.120
        - 192.168.122.1
    ipv6:
        - ::1
        - fe80::45d1:1ca8:5c61:6479
    kernel:
        Linux
    kernelparams:
        |_
          - BOOT_IMAGE
          - (hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
        |_
          - root
          - /dev/mapper/cs-root
        |_
          - ro
          - None
        |_
          - crashkernel
          - auto
        |_
          - resume
          - /dev/mapper/cs-swap
        |_
          - rd.lvm.lv
          - cs/root
        |_
          - rd.lvm.lv
          - cs/swap
        |_
          - rhgb
          - None
        |_
          - quiet
          - None
    kernelrelease:
        4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
    kernelversion:
        #1 SMP Thu Dec 3 22:16:23 UTC 2020
    locale_info:
        ----------
        defaultencoding:
            UTF-8
        defaultlanguage:
            zh_CN
        detectedencoding:
            UTF-8
        timezone:
            CST
    localhost:
        minion
    lsb_distrib_codename:
        CentOS Stream 8
    lsb_distrib_id:
        CentOS Stream
    lsb_distrib_release:
        8
    lvm:
        ----------
        cs:
            - home
            - root
            - swap
    machine_id:
        ec81c12e687e4ca8992aab316c51517e
    manufacturer:
        VMware, Inc.
    master:
        192.168.101.110
    mdadm:
    mem_total:
        7740
    nodename:
        node1
    num_cpus:
        4
    num_gpus:
        1
    os:
        CentOS Stream
    os_family:
        RedHat
    osarch:
        x86_64
    oscodename:
        CentOS Stream 8
    osfinger:
        CentOS Stream-8
    osfullname:
        CentOS Stream
    osmajorrelease:
        8
    osrelease:
        8
    osrelease_info:
        - 8
    path:
        /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
    pid:
        170710
    productname:
        VMware Virtual Platform
    ps:
        ps -efHww
    pythonexecutable:
        /usr/bin/python3.6
    pythonpath:
        - /usr/bin
        - /usr/lib64/python36.zip
        - /usr/lib64/python3.6
        - /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload
        - /usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages
        - /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages
    pythonversion:
        - 3
        - 6
        - 8
        - final
        - 0
    saltpath:
        /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/salt
    saltversion:
        3004
    saltversioninfo:
        - 3004
    selinux:
        ----------
        enabled:
            True
        enforced:
            Permissive
    serialnumber:
        VMware-56 4d 1a 2a 97 ef ea 6f-3d df 66 d4 4f f0 e5 49
    server_id:
        279719642
    shell:
        /bin/sh
    ssds:
    swap_total:
        8063
    systemd:
        ----------
        features:
            +PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN2 -IDN +PCRE2 default-hierarchy=legacy
        version:
            239
    systempath:
        - /usr/local/sbin
        - /usr/local/bin
        - /usr/sbin
        - /usr/bin
    transactional:
        False
    uid:
        0
    username:
        root
    uuid:
        2a1a4d56-ef97-6fea-3ddf-66d44ff0e549
    virtual:
        VMware
    zfs_feature_flags:
        False
    zfs_support:
        False
    zmqversion:
        4.3.4
  # 只查询所有的grains的key,而不查看具体的值
  [root@master base]# salt 'minion' grains.ls
minion:
    - biosreleasedate
    - biosversion
    - cpu_flags
    - cpu_model
    - cpuarch
    - cwd
    - disks
    - dns
    - domain
    - efi
    - efi-secure-boot
    - fqdn
    - fqdn_ip4
    - fqdn_ip6
    - fqdns
    - gid
    - gpus
    - groupname
    - host
    - hwaddr_interfaces
    - id
    - init
    - ip4_gw
    - ip4_interfaces
    - ip6_gw
    - ip6_interfaces
    - ip_gw
    - ip_interfaces
    - ipv4
    - ipv6
    - kernel
    - kernelparams
    - kernelrelease
    - kernelversion
    - locale_info
    - localhost
    - lsb_distrib_codename
    - lsb_distrib_id
    - lsb_distrib_release
    - lvm
    - machine_id
    - manufacturer
    - master
    - mdadm
    - mem_total
    - nodename
    - num_cpus
    - num_gpus
    - os
    - os_family
    - osarch
    - oscodename
    - osfinger
    - osfullname
    - osmajorrelease
    - osrelease
    - osrelease_info
    - path
    - pid
    - productname
    - ps
    - pythonexecutable
    - pythonpath
    - pythonversion
    - saltpath
    - saltversion
    - saltversioninfo
    - selinux
    - serialnumber
    - server_id
    - shell
    - ssds
    - swap_total
    - systemd
    - systempath
    - transactional
    - uid
    - username
    - uuid
    - virtual
    - zfs_feature_flags
    - zfs_support
    - zmqversion
# 获取IP地址
[root@master base]# salt 'minion' grains.get fqdn_ip4
minion:
    - 192.168.122.1
    - 192.168.101.120
[root@master base]# salt 'minion' grains.get ip4_interfaces
minion:
    ----------
    ens33:
        - 192.168.101.120
    lo:
        - 127.0.0.1
    virbr0:
        - 192.168.122.1
    virbr0-nic:
[root@master base]# salt 'minion'  grains.get ip4_interfaces:ens33
minion:
    - 192.168.101.120

目标匹配示例

用Grains来匹配minion：

[root@master base]#  salt -G 'os:CentOS Stream' cmd.run 'date'
minion:
    Tue Nov  2 18:25:19 CST 2021
master:
    Tue Nov  2 06:25:19 EDT 2021
node2:
    Tue Nov  2 18:25:19 CST 2021

在 top file里面使用Grains

[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base:
  'os:CentOS Stream':
    - match: grain        # match 匹配grain
    - web.apache.install
    
    
 # 执行
 [root@master base]# salt -G 'os:CentOS Stream' state.highstate
 minion:
----------
          ID: apache-insall
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 18:27:54.957031
    Duration: 2089.268 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd is already enabled, and is running
     Started: 18:27:57.047917
    Duration: 236.661 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              httpd:
                  True

Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:   2.326 s
master:
----------
          ID: apache-insall
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
     Started: 06:27:54.892619
    Duration: 20780.191 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              apr:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.3-12.el8
                  old:
              apr-util:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-bdb:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-openssl:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              centos-logos-httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      85.8-1.el8
                  old:
              httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
                  old:
              httpd-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
                  old:
              httpd-tools:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
                  old:
              mod_http2:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
                  old:
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 06:28:15.700065
    Duration: 569.048 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              httpd:
                  True

Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  21.349 s
node2:
----------
          ID: apache-insall
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
     Started: 18:27:55.029290
    Duration: 22652.085 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              apr:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.3-12.el8
                  old:
              apr-util:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-bdb:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-openssl:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              centos-logos-httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      85.8-1.el8
                  old:
              httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
                  old:
              httpd-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
                  old:
              httpd-tools:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
                  old:
              mod_http2:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
                  old:
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 18:28:17.692350
    Duration: 661.541 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              httpd:
                  True

Summary for node2
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  23.314 s

自定义Grains的两种方法：

minion配置文件，在配置文件中搜索grains
在/etc/salt下生成一个grains文件，在此文件中定义(推荐方式)

第一种：

[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
grains:
  roles:
    linux
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion

# master上查看
[root@master ~]#  salt 'minion' grains.get roles
minion:
    linux

第二种：

# 在master端的/etc/salt/下生成一个grains文件，在此文件中定义，然后那台被控制机需要就传过去
[root@master base]# cd /etc/salt/
[root@master salt]# ls
cloud           cloud.maps.d       master    minion.d   proxy
cloud.conf.d    cloud.profiles.d   master.d  minion_id  proxy.d
cloud.deploy.d  cloud.providers.d  minion    pki        roster
[root@master salt]# vim grains
LOOKP:
  asdasd
# 不重启服务的情况下同步
[root@master salt]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains
minion:
master:
node2:
# 查看
[root@master salt]# salt 'master' grains.get LOOKP
master:
    asdasd
# 比如我们传到minion上
[root@master salt]# scp grains 192.168.101.120:/etc/salt/
[root@master salt]# salt 'minion' saltutil.sync_grains
minion:
[root@master salt]# salt 'minion' grains.get LOOKP
minion:
    asdasd

2.2 SaltStack组件之Pillar

Pillar也是SaltStack组件中非常重要的组件之一，是数据管理中心，**经常配置states在大规模的配置管理工作中使用它。**Pillar在SaltStack中主要的作用就是存储和定义配置管理中需要的一些数据，比如软件版本号、用户名密码等信息，它的定义存储格式与Grains类似，都是YAML格式。

在Master配置文件中有一段Pillar settings选项专门定义Pillar相关的一些参数：

[root@master salt]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
851 pillar_roots:
852  base:
853    - /srv/salt/pillar/base
......
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/pillar/base
[root@master salt]# cd /srv/salt/
[root@master salt]# ls
base  dev  pillar  prod  test
[root@master salt]# ls /srv/salt/pillar/
base
[root@master salt]# systemctl restart salt-master

默认Base环境下Pillar的工作目录在/srv/pillar目录下。若你想定义多个环境不同的Pillar工作目录，只需要修改此处配置文件即可。

Pillar的特点：

可以给指定的minion定义它需要的数据
只有指定的人才能看到定义的数据
在master配置文件里设置

[root@master salt]#  salt '*' pillar.items
minion:
    ----------
master:
    ----------
node2:
    ----------

默认pillar是没有任何信息的，如果想查看信息，需要在 master 配置文件上把 pillar_opts的注释取消，并将其值设为 True。

[root@master salt]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
900 # master config file that can then be used on minions.
901 pillar_opts: True  # 取消注释，改为True
......


[root@master salt]# systemctl restart salt-master
[root@master salt]# salt '*' pillar.items
......
        winrepo_passphrase:
        winrepo_password:
        winrepo_privkey:
        winrepo_pubkey:
     winrepo_refspecs:
            - +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
            - +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
        winrepo_remotes:
            - https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo.git
        winrepo_remotes_ng:
            - https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo-ng.git
        winrepo_ssl_verify:
            True
        winrepo_user:
        worker_threads:
            5
        zmq_backlog:
            1000
        zmq_filtering:
            False
        zmq_monitor:
            False

2.3 pillar自定义数据

在master的配置文件里找pillar_roots可以看到其存放pillar的位置

[root@master salt]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
 851 pillar_roots:
 852   base:
 853     - /srv/salt/pillar/base
 854   prod:
 855     - /srv/salt/pillar/prod
 ......
 
[root@master salt]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/pillar/prod 
[root@master salt]# systemctl restart salt-master



[root@master salt]# cd /srv/salt/pillar/base
[root@master base]# ls
[root@master base]# vim apache.sls
{% if grains['os'] == 'CentOS Stream' %}  # 系统为CentOS Stream的可以
apache: httpd
{% elif grains['os'] == 'Debian' %}
apache: apache2
{% endif %}


# 定义top file入口文件
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base:   # 指定环境
  'minion':   # 指定目标
    - apache   # 引用apache.sls或apache
#  这个top.sls文件的意思表示的是node1这台主机的base环境能够访问到apache这个pillar
[root@master salt]# salt '*' pillar.items
minion:
    ----------
    apache:
        httpd
master:
    ----------
# 修改apache的状态文件，引用pillar的数据

[root@master base]# vim /srv/salt/base/web/apache/install.sls  
apache-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: {{ pillar['apache'] }}

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: {{ pillar['apache']}}
    - enable: True
[root@master salt]# salt '*' state.highstate  # 执行高级状态

node2:
    Data failed to compile:
----------
    Rendering SLS 'base:web.apache.install' failed: Jinja variable 'salt.utils.context.NamespacedDictWrapper object' has no attribute 'apache'
master:
    Data failed to compile:
----------
    Rendering SLS 'base:web.apache.install' failed: Jinja variable 'salt.utils.context.NamespacedDictWrapper object' has no attribute 'apache'
minion:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 18:55:33.913501
    Duration: 2036.744 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The service httpd is already running
     Started: 18:55:35.951546
    Duration: 48.038 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:   2.085 s
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
[root@master base]#

2.4 Grains与Pillar的区别

	存储位置	类型	采集方式	应用场景
Grains	minion	静态	minion启动时采集可通过刷新避免重启minion服务	1.信息查询 2.在命令行下进行目标匹配 3.在top file中进行目标匹配 4.在模板中进行目标匹配
Pillar	master	动态	指定，实时生效	1.目标匹配 2.敏感数据配置