Python入门

记录Python入门学习日常，强烈推荐b站up主林粒粒呀的视频

先放一些常用的官方链接
Python官方文档
Python第三方库

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前半部分为学习过程中的一些笔记，后半部分为具体代码实现

转义符 \

print("hello")
print("He said \"let's go!\"")

换行符 \n

print("Hello!\nHi!")

三引号换行 '''xxx'''

print('''落霞与孤鹜齐飞
秋水共长天一色''')

greet = "你好，吃了吗，"
greet_chinese = greet
greet_english = "Yo what's up,"
print(greet_english + "A")
print(greet_english + "B")
print(greet_english + "C")
print(greet_chinese + "张三")

乘方运算符 **带余除法 %除完后向下取整 //

注释符号 #or 使用快捷键选中文本 command + /

字符串 str整数 int浮点数 floatand 布尔类型

其中 int() 为向下取整

索引 []python中从0开始计数

逻辑符号 与 或 非 and``````or``````not

append方法添加列表元素 remove方法移除列表元素

列表 []字典 {}元组tuple ()

删除字典中的键 del

del my_dict["a"]

keys方法返回所有键

values方法返回所有值

items方法返回所有键值对

format方法替换文字 （ f方法也可以用来替换文字）

gpa_dict = {"小明": 3.251, "小花": 3.869}
for name, gpa in gpa_dict.items():
  print("{0}你好，你的当前绩点为：{1:.2f}".format(name,gpa))
# :.2f 表示浮点数格式化保留位数

str('%.2f'% result)同样起到保留两位小数的效果
read读取文件 readline读取单行 readlines读取全部行后返回列表

f = open("./data.txt", "r", encoding = "utf-8")
# "r"为只读模式, "w"为写入模式, "a"为添加模式, "r+"为读写模式
print(f.read(10)) # 读取第1-10个字节的文件内容
f.close() # 关闭文件，释放资源

更为简洁写法为

with open("./data.txt") as f:
  print(f.read())
# 读取后会自动关闭

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代码实现

1. print

print("hello")
print("He said \"let's go!\"")
print("Hello!\nHi!")
print('''落霞与孤鹜齐飞
秋水共长天一色''')

2. variables

greet = "你好，吃了吗，"
greet_chinese = greet
greet_english = "Yo what's up,"
print(greet_english + "A")
print(greet_english + "B")
print(greet_english + "C")
print(greet_chinese + "张三")

3. math

import math

a = -1
b = -2
c = 3
delta = b**2 - 4 * a *c
print((-b + math.sqrt(delta))/(2 * a))
print((-b - math.sqrt(delta))/(2 * a))

4. input

# BMI = 体重 / (身高 ** 2)
user_weight = float(input("请输入您的体重（单位：kg）："))
user_height = float(input("请输入您的身高（单位：m）："))
user_BMI = user_weight / (user_height) ** 2
print("您的BMI值为" + str(user_BMI))

5. condition

mood_index = int(input("对象今天的心情指数是："))
if mood_index >= 60:
    print("恭喜，今晚应该可以打游戏，去吧皮卡丘！")
else:
    print("为了自个儿小命，还是别打了")

6. conditions

# BMI = 体重 / (身高 ** 2)
user_weight = float(input("请输入您的体重（单位：kg）："))
user_height = float(input("请输入您的身高（单位：m）："))
user_BMI = user_weight / (user_height) ** 2
print("您的BMI值为" + str(user_BMI))

# 偏瘦：user_BMi <= 18.5
# 正常：18.5 < user_BMI <= 25
# 偏胖：25 < user_BMI <= 30
# 肥胖：user_BMI >30
if user_BMI <= 18.5:
    print("此BMI值属于偏瘦范围。")
elif 18.5 < user_BMI <= 25:
    print("此BMI值属于正常范围。")
elif 25 <user_BMI <= 30:
    print("此BMI值属于偏胖范围。")
else:
    print("此BMI值属于肥胖范围。")

7. list

shopping_list = []
shopping_list.append("键盘")
shopping_list.append("键帽")
shopping_list.remove("键帽")
shopping_list.append("音响")
shopping_list.append("电竞椅")
shopping_list[1] = "硬盘"

print(shopping_list)
print(len(shopping_list))
print(shopping_list[0])

price = [799, 1024, 200, 800]
max_price = max(price)
min_price = min(price)
sorter_price = sorted(price)
print(max_price)
print(min_price)
print(sorter_price)

8. dictionnary

slang_dict = {"a": "a的含义是xx",
              "b": "b的含义是xx"}
slang_dict["c"] = "c的含义是xx"
slang_dict["d"] = "d的含义是xx"
del slang_dict["a"]

query = input("请输入您想要查询的字母：")
if query in slang_dict:
    print("您查询的" + query + "含义如下:")
    print(slang_dict[query])
else:
    print("您查询的字母暂未收录。")
    print("当前本词典收录的字母数为：" + str(len(slang_dict)) + "个。")

9. loop

print("哈喽哈喽！我是一个求平均值的程序")
total = 0
count=0
user_input = input("请输入数字（完成所有数字输入后，请输入q终止程序）：")
while user_input != "q":
    num = float(user_input)
    total += num
    count += 1
    user_input = input("输入数字（完成所有数字输入后，请输入q终止程序）：")
if count == 0:
    result = 0
else:
    result = total / count
print("您输入的数字平局值为" + str (result))

10. format

gpa_dict = {"小明": 3.251, "小花": 3.869}
for name, gpa in gpa_dict.items():
  print("{0}你好，你的当前绩点为：{1: .2f}".format(name,gpa))

11. def

def calculate_sector(central_angle, radius):
    sector_area = central_angle / 360 * 3.14 * radius ** 2
    print(f"此扇形面积为：{sector_area}")
    return sector_area

calculate_sector(30, 16)

12. function

def calculate_BMI(weight, height):
    BMI = weight / height ** 2
    if BMI <= 18.5:
        category = "偏瘦"
    elif BMI <= 25:
        category = "正常"
    elif BMI <= 30:
        category = "偏胖"
    else:
        category = "肥胖"
    print(f"您的BMI分类为：{category}")
    return BMI
result = calculate_BMI(70,1.8)
print("您的BMI值为：" + str('%.2f'% result))
# '%.2f'% result 为保留两位小数

13. plot

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = list(np.arange(-2,2,0.1))
y = []
for i in range(len(x)):
    y.append(np.log(1 + x[i] ** 2))
plt.figure()
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()

14. class

class CuteCat:
# 定义类的属性
    def __init__(self, cat_name, cat_age, cat_color):
        self.name = cat_name
        self.age = cat_age
        self.color = cat_color

# 定义类的方法
    def speak(self):
        print("喵" * self.age)

    def think(self, content):
        print(f"小猫{self.name}在思考{content}…")

cat1 = CuteCat("Jojo", 2, "橙色")
print(f"小猫{cat1.name}的年龄是{cat1.age}岁，花色是{cat1.color}")
cat1.speak()
cat1.think("现在去抓沙发还是撕纸箱")

15. class_2

class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, student_id):
        self.name = name
        self.student_id = student_id
        self.grades = {"语文": 0, "数学": 0,"英语": 0}

    def set_grade(self, course, grade):
        if course in self.grades:
            self.grades[course] = grade

    def print_grades(self):
        print(f"学生{self.name}（学号：{self.student_id}）的成绩为：")
        for course in self.grades:
            print(f"{course}：{self.grades[course]}分")

chen = Student("小陈", "100618")
chen.set_grade("语文", 92)
chen.set_grade("数学", 95)
chen.print_grades()

li = Student()
li.print_grades()

16. inheritance

class Employee:
    def __init__(self, name, id):
        self.name = name
        self.id = id

    def prin_info(self):
        print(f"姓名：{self.name}，工号：{self.id}")

class FullTimeEmployee(Employee):
    def __init__(self, name, id, monthly_salary):
        super().__init__(name, id)
        self.monthly_salary = monthly_salary

    def calculate_monthly_pay(self):
        return self.monthly_salary

class PartTimePloyee(Employee):
    def __init__(self, name, id, day_salary, work_days):
        super().__init__(name, id)
        self.day_salary = day_salary
        self.work_days = work_days

    def calculate_monthly_pay(self):
        return self.day_salary * self.work_days

zhang_san = FullTimeEmployee("张三", "1001", 6000)
li_si = PartTimePloyee("李四", "1002", 230,15)
zhang_san.prin_info()
print("工资：" + str(zhang_san.calculate_monthly_pay()))
li_si.prin_info()
print("工资：" + str(li_si.calculate_monthly_pay()))

17. read

with open("./data.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    content = f.read()
    print(content)

18. write

with open ("./poem.txt", "w", encoding = "utf-8") as f:
    f.write("我欲乘风归去，\n又恐琼楼玉宇，\n高处不胜寒。\n")

with open ("./poem.txt", "a", encoding = "utf-8") as f:
    f.write("起舞弄轻影，\n何似在人间。")

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完结撒花🎉 成功入门