yznu：Python面向对象及文件操作

实验目的及要求：

一、实验目的：

（1）掌握定义类及创建对象的基本方法，掌握类的继承语法。

（2）掌握Python中的运算符重载语法，理解魔法函数的用途。

（3）练习使用面向对象程序设计方法解决实际问题。

（4）熟悉文件系统的目录结构，掌握Python中文本文件的读取与写入方法。

（5）熟悉Excel文件、Json格式文件、及二进制文件的方法。

二、实验要求：

（1）完成实验课本15.1~15.4，17.1~17.5。

（2）使用Pycharm+Python或Pycharm+Anaconda或VSC完成程序编写、调试、运行，并将代码及运行结果截图整理成文档，形成实验报告，并总结心得体会。

实验内容：

15.1.py:

import random

class Dice:

    def __init__(self,sides=6):

        self.iSides = sides

        self.results = []

    def rollDice(self):

        r = random.randint(1,self.iSides)

        self.results.append(r)

        return r

    def sideCount(self,side):

        return self.results.count(side)

    def rollCount(self):

        return len(self.results)

d = Dice()

print("-----Roll dice for 100 times-----")

for x in range(100):

    r = d.rollDice()

    if x < 10:

        print(r,end=",")

print("...")

print("-----Statistics of rolling the dice-----")

for i in range(1,d.iSides+1):

    sideCount = d.sideCount(i)

    rollCount = d.rollCount()

    print(f"Side {i}: {sideCount}/{rollCount} = "\

        f"{sideCount*100/rollCount:.1f}%")

结果：

15.2.py:

class Pet:

    def __init__(self,name):

        self.__sName = name

    def getName(self):

        return self.__sName

class Rabbit(Pet):

    def __init__(self,name):

        Pet.__init__(self,name)

   

    def speak(self):

        print(f"Hello from rabbit {self.getName()}.")

    def eat(self,iWeight):

        print(f"Rabbit {self.getName()} ate {iWeight} gram's food.")

class Cat(Pet):

    def __init__(self,name):

        Pet.__init__(self,name)

    def eat(self,iWeight):

        print(f"Cat {self.getName()} ate {iWeight} gram's food.")  

class DragonLi(Cat):

    def __init__(self,name):

        Cat.__init__(self,name)

    def speak(self):

        print(f"Hello from dragonli cat {self.getName()}.")

class Persian(Cat):

    def __init__(self,name):

        Cat.__init__(self,name)

    def speak(self):

        print(f"Hello from persian cat {self.getName()}.")

print("-------------Rabbit Charlie--------------")

r = Rabbit("Charlie")

r.eat(100)

r.speak()  

print("-------------Cat Lucy--------------")

c1 = DragonLi("Lucy")

c1.eat(200)

c1.speak()

print("-------------Cat Eddie--------------")

c2 = Persian("Eddie")

c2.eat(100)

c2.speak()

print(isinstance(c1,Persian))

print(isinstance(c1,DragonLi))

print(isinstance(c1,Cat))

print(isinstance(c1,Pet))

print(isinstance(r,Pet))

print(isinstance(r,Rabbit))

print(isinstance(r,Persian))

结果：

15.3.py:

class Vector3D:

    def __init__(self,x,y,z):

        self.x,self.y,self.z = x,y,z

   

    def __str__(self):

        return str((self.x,self.y,self.z))

    def __add__(self,v):

        return Vector3D(self.x+v.x,self.y+v.y,self.z+v.z)

    def __sub__(self,v):

        return Vector3D(self.x-v.x,self.y-v.y,self.z-v.z)

    def length(self):

        return (self.x**2+self.y**2+self.z**2)**0.5

   

v1 = Vector3D(1,2,3)

v2 = Vector3D(4,5,6)

v3 = v1 + v2

v4 = v2 - v1

print("v1 =",v1)

print("Length of v1 =", v1.length())

print(f"{v1}+{v2}={v3}")

print(f"{v2}-{v1}={v4}")

结果：

15.4.py：

class Rect:

    def __init__(self, tl, br):

        self.tl, self.br = tl, br

    def width(self):

        t = self.br.x - self.tl.x

        return t if t > 0 else -t

   

    def height(self):

        t = self.br.y - self.tl.y

        return t if t > 0 else -t

    def area(self):

        return self.width() * self.height()

    def topRight(self):

        return Point(self.br.x,self.tl.y)

   

    def bottomLeft(self):

        return Point(self.tl.x,self.br.y)

   

    def diagonalLength(self):

        return self.br - self.tl

class Point:

    def __init__(self,x,y):

        self.x, self.y = x, y

   

    def __sub__(self,p):

        return ((self.x - p.x)**2 + (self.y - p.y)**2) ** 0.5

   

    def __str__(self):

        return str((self.x,self.y))

rt = Rect(Point(1,6),Point(7,8))

print("Vertices of rectangle rt:")

print(f"{rt.tl}-----------------------------{rt.topRight()}")

print(f"{rt.bottomLeft()}-----------------------------{rt.br}")

print("Size information of rectangle rt:")

print(f"width - {rt.width()}\theight - {rt.height()}")

print(f"area - {rt.area()}\tdiagonal length - "\

    f"{rt.diagonalLength()}")

结果：

17.1.py:

f = open("abc.txt")

print("abc.txt: ",f.read())

f = open("d:\\pypractice\\t17_fileio\\abc.txt")

print("d:\\pypractice\\t17_fileio\\abc.txt: ",f.read())

f = open("../t21_cellcounter/cellcounter.py")

print("first line of cellcounter.py(1): ",f.readline())

f = open("d:/PyPractice/T21_CellCounter/CellCounter.py")

print("first line of cellcounter.py(2): ",f.readline())

结果：

17.2.py:

with open("AddLineNo.py","rt") as f:

    lines = f.readlines()

maxLength = len(max(lines,key=len))

newLines = [line.rstrip().ljust(maxLength) + \

    "#" +str(r+1) + "\n" for r,line in enumerate(lines)]

with open("AddLineNo2.py","wt") as f:

    f.writelines(newLines)

结果：

17.3.py:

from openpyxl import load_workbook

workBook = load_workbook("ScoresSheet.xlsx")

workSheet = workBook.worksheets[0]

for idx,row in enumerate(workSheet.rows):

    if idx==0:

        continue

    row[5].value = row[1].value * 0.3 + row[2].value * 0.1 \

        + row[3].value * 0.2 + row[4].value * 0.4

workBook.save("ScoresSheet2.xlsx")

结果：修改前

修改后：

17.4和17.5题：

years = [2020,2019,2018,2017,2016]

incomes = { '北京市':[5483.89,5817.10,5785.92,5430.79,5081.26],

            '天津市':[1923.05,2410.41,2106.24,2310.36,2723.50],

            '上海市':[7046.30,7165.10,7108.15,6642.26,6406.13],

            '重庆市':[4257.98,4070.83,3911.01,3577.99,3388.85] }

import json

with open("IncomesData.json","w") as f:

    json.dump([years,incomes],f)

with open("IncomesData.json") as f:

    years1, incomes1 = json.load(f)

print("years1:",years1)

print("incomes1:",incomes1)

import os

print("json file size:",os.path.getsize("IncomesData.json"))

import pickle

with open("IncomesData.dat","wb") as f:

    pickle.dump([years,incomes],f)

with open("IncomesData.dat","rb") as f:

    years2, incomes2 = pickle.load(f)

print("years2:",years2)

print("incomes2:",incomes2)

import os

print("dat file size:",os.path.getsize("IncomesData.dat"))

结果：