目录
要求
1、除R5的环回地址以固定外,整个其他所有的网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理的IP地址划分;
2、 R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,用于模拟连接PC的网段;地址也在192.168.1.0/24这个网络范围内;
3、 R1-R4上不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问;
4、全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器,路由表条目的数量;避免环路出现;5、 R4与R5间,正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M。
分析
1、总共需要14个网段,所以需要拿4位主机位;
2、不能直接编写到达静态路由,所以需要做缺省路由;
3、尽量减少路由表的路透条目,所以需要进行汇总;
4、R4与R5之间,需要配置浮动静态,即修改优先级。
构建拓扑结构
配置
1.配置IP地址
R1
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysname r1[r1]interface g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 28[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.33 28[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface brief
R2
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysname r2
[r2]interface g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 28[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.17 28[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface brief
R3
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.35 28
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface brief
R4
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysname r4[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 28[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.50 28
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]display ip interface brief
R5
<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysname r5
[r5]interface g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.66 28
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.82 28
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface brief
2.配置回环地址
R1
[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[r1-LoopBack0]q
[r1]interface LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
[r1-LoopBack1]q
[r1]display current-configuration
R2
[r2]interface LoopBack 4
[r2-LoopBack4]ip address 192.168.1.161 28
[r2-LoopBack4]q
[r2]interface LoopBack 5[r2-LoopBack5]ip address 192.168.1.177 28
[r2-LoopBack5]q
[r2]display current-configuration
R3
[r3]interface LoopBack 2
[r3-LoopBack2]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[r3-LoopBack2]q[r3]interface LoopBack 3
[r3-LoopBack3]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[r3-LoopBack3]display current-configuration
R4
[r4]interface LoopBack 6
[r4-LoopBack6]ip address 192.168.1.193 28[r4-LoopBack6]q
[r4]interface LoopBack 7
[r4-LoopBack7]ip address 192.168.1.209 28[r4-LoopBack7]display current-configuration
R5
[r5]interface LoopBack 8
[r5-LoopBack8]ip address 5.5.5.1 24
[r5-LoopBack8]display current-configuration
3、配置静态路由
R1
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 28 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.48 28 192.168.1.35//负载均衡
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.35//缺省路由
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
//回环的静态路由
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.2 //L4和L5
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.35 //L2和L3
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 27 192.168.1.2 //L6和L7
[r1]display ip routing-table //查看路由表
R2
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.18
//缺省路由
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
//回环的静态路由
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1 // L0和L1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.1 //L2和L3
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 27 192.168.1.18 //L6和L7
[r2]display ip routing-table
R3
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.50
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.50
//缺省路由
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.50
//回环的静态路由
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.33 // L0和L1
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 27 192.168.1.50 //L4和L5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.33 //L2和L3
R4
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 28 192.168.1.17
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 28 192.168.1.49
//回环的静态路由
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17 // L0和L1
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.17 //L4和L5
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.49 //L2和L3
//缺省路由
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.66
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.82 preference 61 //设置优先级
[r4]display ip routing-table
R5
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.65
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.81 preference 61
//192.168.1.65为1000M的, 192.168.1.81 为100M的,以下同理
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.65
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.81 preference 61//回环的静态路由
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.65 //L1和L2
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.81 preference 61[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.65 //L4和L5
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.81 preference 61[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.65 //L2和L3
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.81 preference 61[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 27 192.168.1.65 //L6和L7
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 27 192.168.1.81 preference 61
避免回环
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96.27 NULL 0
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.160.27 NULL 0
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128.27 NULL 0
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.192.27 NULL 0
验证
1.验证全网可达
R1pingR2、R3、R4、R5任一一个接口以及R5的回环接口
R1ping R5的回环地址
R1pingL3、L4、L5、L6等
R2ping R5的回环地址
R3ping R5的回环地址
R4ping R5的回环地址
R5ping
2.验证正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M
在R5ping192.168.1.17的同时,在R4上断掉g0/0/2口
R4:
[r4]interface g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]shutdown
R5:
显示R5的接口G0/0/0 down
在R2的G0/0/1上抓包看
一开始是从192.168.1.66传输,也就是1000M的路线,后面1000Mshutdown,从192.168.1.82开始传输,也就是100M的