1. 枚举
1. 状态机
package com.wz.enum01;
public enum Signal {
RED,YELLOW,GREEN;
}
package com.wz.enum01;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class test01 {
/**
* 知识点:枚举案例之状态机
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请选择信号灯:RED,YELLOW,GREEN");
String next = sc.next();
Signal signal = Signal.valueOf(next);
String trafficInstruct = getTrafficInstruct(signal);
System.out.println(trafficInstruct);
}
public static String getTrafficInstruct(Signal signal){
String instruct="信号灯故障";
switch (signal){
case RED:
instruct="红灯停";
break;
case GREEN:
instruct="绿灯行";
break;
case YELLOW:
instruct="黄灯请注意";
break;
}
return instruct;
}
}
2. 错误码
public enum ErrorCodeEn {
Ok(1,"成功"),ERROR_A(2,"错误A"),ERROR_B(3,"错误B");
private int code;//状态码
private String description;//状态信息
ErrorCodeEn(){}
ErrorCodeEn(int code,String description){
this.code = code;
this.description = description;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
}
3. 组织枚举
含义:可以将类型相近的枚举通过接口或类组织起来(但是一般用接口方式进行组织)
原因是:
Java接口在编译时会自动为enum类型加上public static修饰符;
Java类在编译时会自动为 enum 类型加上static修饰符;
就是说,在类中组织 enum,如果你不给它修饰为 public,那么只能在本包中进行访问。
public interface IErrorCode {
enum LoginErrorCodeEn implements INumberEnum{
OK(1,"登录成功"),ERROR_A(-1,"验证码错误"),ERROR_B(-2,"密码错误"),ERROR_C(-3,"用户已登录");
private int code;
private String description;
LoginErrorCodeEn(int code,String description){
this.code = code;
this.description = description;
}
@Override
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
}
enum RigsterErrorCodeEn implements INumberEnum{
OK(1,"注册成功"),ERROR_A(-1,"账号已存在");
private int code;
private String description;
RigsterErrorCodeEn(int code,String description){
this.code = code;
this.description = description;
}
@Override
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
}
}
interface INumberEnum {
int getCode();
String getDescription();
}
4. 策略枚举
优点:这种枚举通过枚举嵌套枚举的方式,将枚举常量分类处理。
这种做法虽然没有switch语句简洁,但是更加安全、灵活。
public enum Salary {
JAVA(SalaryType.TEACHER),
HTML(SalaryType.TEACHER),
PYTHON(SalaryType.TEACHER),
PRINCIPAL(SalaryType.ADMINISTRATION);//校长
private final SalaryType salaryType;
Salary(SalaryType salaryType){
this.salaryType = salaryType;
}
//baseSalary-底薪 classHour-课时 teachingHourSubsidy-课时费 achievements-绩效
double getSalary(double baseSalary,int classHour,double teachingHourSubsidy,double achievements){
return salaryType.getSalary(baseSalary, classHour, teachingHourSubsidy, achievements);
}
//策略枚举
private enum SalaryType {
TEACHER {//老师
@Override
double getSalary(double baseSalary, int classHour, double teachingHourSubsidy,
double achievements) {
return baseSalary + classHour*teachingHourSubsidy + achievements;
}
},
ADMINISTRATION {//行政人员
@Override
double getSalary(double baseSalary, int classHour, double teachingHourSubsidy,
double achievements) {
return baseSalary + achievements;
}
};
abstract double getSalary(double baseSalary,int classHour,double teachingHourSubsidy,double achievements);
}
}
2. EnumSet和EnumMap
Java 中提供了两个方便操作enum的工具类——EnumSet 和 EnumMap。
EnumSet :枚举类型的高性能 Set实现。它要求放入它的枚举常量必须属于同一枚举类型。 EnumMap :专门为枚举类型量身定做的 Map 实现。虽然使用其它的 Map 实现(如HashMap)也能完成枚举类型实例到值得映射,但是使用 EnumMap 会更加高效,因为它只能接收同一枚举类型的实例作为键值,并且由于枚举类型实例的数量相对固定并且有限,所以 EnumMap 使用数组来存放与枚举类型对应的值。这使得 EnumMap 的效率非常高。
public class EnumTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//EnumSet的使用
//把Signal枚举中所有对象抽取到Set集合中
EnumSet<Signal> signalSet = EnumSet.allOf(Signal.class);
for (Enum<Signal> en : signalSet) {
System.out.println(en);
}
//EnumMap的使用
EnumMap<Signal,Object> enumMap = new EnumMap<>(Signal.class);
enumMap.put(Signal.RED, "红灯");
enumMap.put(Signal.YELLOW, "黄灯");
enumMap.put(Signal.GREEN, "绿灯");
//把所有的映射关系对象抽取到Set集合中
Set<Entry<Signal, Object>> entrySet = enumMap.entrySet();
for (Entry<Signal, Object> entry : entrySet) {
Signal key = entry.getKey();
Object value = entry.getValue();
System.out.println(key + " -- " + value);
}
}
}
enum Signal{RED, YELLOW, GREEN}