【静态路由配置】

本文详细描述了HCIA实验中的静态配置过程,包括如何将192.168.1.0/24网络划分为8个子网,以及如何在AR7、AR8、AR9和AR10路由器上配置静态路由,以实现全网通功能。每个路由器的路由表配置和验证测试也进行了展示。
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HCIA静态配置实验

1.1 实验要求与拓扑图

要求:

  1. 全网通

  2. 基于192.168.1.0/24合理划分

拓扑图

1.2 实验步骤

1.2.1 划分子网

 1.原IP  192.168.1.0/24 
   因为拓扑图共有6个广播域,所以需要划分位8个子网,使用其中6个(本次实验按照主机位从到大使用)
 ​
 2. 划分
 192.168.1.000 00000   192.168.1.0/27
 192.168.1.001 00000   192.168.1.32/27
 192.168.1.010 00000   192.168.1.64/27
 192.168.1.011 00000   192.168.1.96/27
 192.168.1.100 00000   192.168.1.128/27
 192.168.1.101 00000   192.168.1.160/27
 192.168.1.110 00000   192.168.1.192/27
 192.168.1.111 00000   192.168.1.224/27
 ​
 3.划分后子网掩码
 255.255.255.224(划分前子网掩码:255.255.255.0)

1.2.2 配置设备

PC5:

AR7:
 <Huawei>system-view    # 进入系统视图
 Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
 [Huawei]sysname AR7     # 更改设备名称
 ​
 # 进入路由器AR7的 g 0/0/0接口配置IP
 [AR7]interface g 0/0/0
 [AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 27
 Jan 24 2024 22:31:46-08:00 AR7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[4]:The line protocol IP
  on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
 [AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q 
 [AR7]
 ​
 # 进入路由器AR7的 g 0/0/1接口配置IP
 [AR7]interface g 0/0/1
 [AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.33 27
 Jan 24 2024 22:28:19-08:00 AR7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
  on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
 [AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
 [AR7]
 ​
 # 进入路由器AR7的 g 0/0/2接口配置IP
 [AR7]interface g 0/0/2
 [AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.97 27
 Jan 24 2024 22:28:46-08:00 AR7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
  on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
 [AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
 [AR7]
 ​
 # 查看是否配置成功
 [AR7]display interface brief 
 PHY: Physical
 *down: administratively down
 (l): loopback
 (s): spoofing
 (b): BFD down
 ^down: standby
 (e): ETHOAM down
 (d): Dampening Suppressed
 InUti/OutUti: input utility/output utility
 Interface                   PHY   Protocol InUti OutUti   inErrors  outErrors
 GigabitEthernet0/0/0        up    up          0%     0%          0          0 #3个接口均被使用,均双UP,成功
 GigabitEthernet0/0/1        up    up          0%     0%          0          0  
 GigabitEthernet0/0/2        up    up          0%     0%          0          0  
 NULL0                       up    up(s)       0%     0%          0          0
 [AR7]
 ​
 [AR7]display ip interface brief
 *down: administratively down
 ^down: standby
 (l): loopback
 (s): spoofing
 The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
 The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
 The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
 The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0
 ​
 Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
 GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.2/27       up         up        
 GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.33/27      up         up        
 GigabitEthernet0/0/2              192.168.1.97/27      up         up        
 NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
 [AR7]

AR9:
 <Huawei>system-view 
 Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
 [Huawei]sysname AR9
 ​
 [AR9]interface g 0/0/0
 [AR9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.34 27
 Jan 24 2024 22:33:43-08:00 AR9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
  on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
 [AR9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
 [AR9]   
 ​
 [AR9]interface g 0/0/1
 [AR9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.65 27
 Jan 24 2024 22:34:12-08:00 AR9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
  on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
 [AR9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]  
 [AR9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
 [AR9]
 ​
 [AR9]display interface brief 
 PHY: Physical
 *down: administratively down
 (l): loopback
 (s): spoofing
 (b): BFD down
 ^down: standby
 (e): ETHOAM down
 (d): Dampening Suppressed
 InUti/OutUti: input utility/output utility
 Interface                   PHY   Protocol InUti OutUti   inErrors  outErrors
 GigabitEthernet0/0/0        up    up          0%     0%          0          0
 GigabitEthernet0/0/1        up    up          0%     0%          0          0
 GigabitEthernet0/0/2        down  down        0%     0%          0          0
 NULL0                       up    up(s)       0%     0%          0          0
 [AR9]
 ​
 [AR9]display ip interface brief 
 *down: administratively down
 ^down: standby
 (l): loopback
 (s): spoofing
 The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
 The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
 The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
 The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
 ​
 Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
 GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.34/27      up         up        
 GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.65/27      up         up        
 GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
 NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
 [AR9]

AR10:
 <Huawei>system-view 
 Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
 [Huawei]sysname AR10
 ​
 [AR10]interface g 0/0/0
 [AR10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.129 27
 Jan 24 2024 22:36:02-08:00 AR10 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol I
 P on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
 [AR10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
 [AR10]
 ​
 [AR10]interface g 0/0/1
 [AR10-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.98 27
 Jan 24 2024 22:37:06-08:00 AR10 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol I
 P on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
 [AR10-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
 [AR10]
 ​
 [AR10]display interface brief 
 PHY: Physical
 *down: administratively down
 (l): loopback
 (s): spoofing
 (b): BFD down
 ^down: standby
 (e): ETHOAM down
 (d): Dampening Suppressed
 InUti/OutUti: input utility/output utility
 Interface                   PHY   Protocol InUti OutUti   inErrors  outErrors
 GigabitEthernet0/0/0        up    up          0%     0%          0          0
 GigabitEthernet0/0/1        up    up          0%     0%          0          0
 GigabitEthernet0/0/2        down  down        0%     0%          0          0
 NULL0                       up    up(s)       0%     0%          0          0
 [AR10]
 ​
 [AR10]display ip interface brief
 *down: administratively down
 ^down: standby
 (l): loopback
 (s): spoofing
 The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
 The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
 The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
 The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
 ​
 Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
 GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.129/27     up         up        
 GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.98/27      up         up        
 GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
 NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
 [AR10]

AR8:
 <Huawei>system-view 
 Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
 [Huawei]sysname AR8
 [AR8]
 ​
 [AR8]interface g 0/0/0
 [AR8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.66 27
 Jan 24 2024 22:39:18-08:00 AR11 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol I
 P on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
 [AR8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
 [AR8]
 ​
 [AR8]interface g 0/0/1
 [AR8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.162 27
 Jan 24 2024 22:41:25-08:00 AR8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
  on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
 [AR8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
 [AR8]
 ​
 [AR8]interface g 0/0/2
 [AR8-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.130 27
 Jan 24 2024 22:42:06-08:00 AR8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
  on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
 [AR8-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
 [AR8]
 ​
 [AR8]display interface brief 
 PHY: Physical
 *down: administratively down
 (l): loopback
 (s): spoofing
 (b): BFD down
 ^down: standby
 (e): ETHOAM down
 (d): Dampening Suppressed
 InUti/OutUti: input utility/output utility
 Interface                   PHY   Protocol InUti OutUti   inErrors  outErrors
 GigabitEthernet0/0/0        up    up          0%     0%          0          0
 GigabitEthernet0/0/1        up    up          0%     0%          0          0
 GigabitEthernet0/0/2        up    up          0%     0%          0          0
 NULL0                       up    up(s)       0%     0%          0          0
 [AR8]
 ​
 [AR8]display ip interface brief 
 *down: administratively down
 ^down: standby
 (l): loopback
 (s): spoofing
 The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
 The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
 The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
 The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0
 ​
 Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
 GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.66/27      up         up        
 GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.162/27     up         up        
 GigabitEthernet0/0/2              192.168.1.130/27     up         up        
 NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
 [AR8]

PC6:

1.2.3 静态配置路由表

全网通: 每一台路由器都拥有全网所有的路由条目(网段信息),即可达到全网通

AR7:

配置前的路由表:

配置命令:

 ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.34    # .1.64网段在上方
 ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.98   # .1.128网段在下方
 ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.34   # .1.160从上下两条路
 ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.98   

配置后的路由表:

AR8:

配置前路由表:

配置命令:

 ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.129   # .1.0网段有上下两条路
 ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.65    
 ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.65   # .1.32网段在上方
 ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.129  # .1.96网段在下方

配置后的路由表:

AR9:

配置前的路由表:

配置命令:

 ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.33    # .1.0网段在左边
 ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.33   # .1.96网段在左边
 ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.66  # .1.128网段在右边
 ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.66  # .1.160网段在右边

配置后的路由表:

AR10:

配置前的路由表:

配置命令:

 ip route-static 192.168.1.0 27 192.168.1.97    # .1.0网段在左边
 ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.97   # .1.32网段在左边
 ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.130  # .1.64网段在右边
 ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.130 # .1.160网段在右边

配置后的路由表:

1.3 验证

1.3.1 PC5pingPC6

1.3.2 AR7pingAR8的0/0/0接口

1.3.3 AR7pingAR8的0/0/2接口

1.3.4 综上,全网通已完成

1.4 注意点

1.4.1 下一跳的选择

首先分清方向,然后确保选作下一跳的接口能找到需要的网段,否者无法实现全网通。

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