一、HQL入门
1、HQL的含义:
HQL是Hibernate Query Language（专属于hibernate框架的一个查询语言）的缩写
2. hql和sql区别/异同
HQL SQL
类名/属性 表名/列名
区分大小写,关键字不区分大小写 不区分大小写
别名 别名
?，从下标0开始计算位置(hibernate5之后不支持) ?，从顺序1开始计算位置
:命名参数 不支持:命名参数
面向对象的查询语言 面向结构查询语言
3、处理返回的结果集
① 、单个对象—— select没有逗号
② 、Object[]—— b.bookId, b.bookName
③、 Map——new Map(b.bookId as bid, b.bookName as bname)
④、 new 构造方法(attr1,attr2) String/long——new Book(b.bookId, b.price) 单个列段
4、展示
package lv.com.three.test;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;imort org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;import lv.com.two.entity.Book;
import lv.com.two.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
public class HqlTest {
private Session session;
private Transaction transaction;
@Before
public void before() {
session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
transaction = session.beginTransaction();
}
@Aftern public void after() {
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
/**
* 返回对象（多个）
*/
@Test
public void testList1() {
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 返回单个列段，用字符串就可以接受
*/
@Test
public void testList2() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss frogm Book b");
List<String> list = query.list();
for (String b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 查两个列段及以上，默认返回的是Object【】
*/
@Test
public void testList3() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for (Object[] b : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
}
}
/**
* 注意map是函数，所n以不区分大小写，返回的是map集合
*/
@Test
public void testList4() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
List<Map> list = query.list();
for (Map b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 查两个列段及以上，也可返回对象，前提是有对应的构造函数
*/
@Test
public void testList5() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
List<Book> list = qouery.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* HQL语句支持占位符*query对象相当于preparestatement
*/
@Test
public void testList6() {
// Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
// query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
// Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
// System.out.println(b);
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
// List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
// params.add(1);
// params.add(2);
// params.add(4);
// query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* HQL支持连接查询
*/
@Test
public void testList7() {
Query query = session.createQuery.println(singleResult);}
/**
* HQL分页* FirstResult:代表起始下标；
* MaxResults：一页展示的数据条数
*/
@Test
public void testList9() {
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
query.setFirstResult(2);
query.setMaxResults(3);
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
}
二、Hibernate的BaseDao
自定义mvc的BaseDao思路：
①、完成一个基础版本的查询方法
②、分析共同之处（代码重复、思想重复）
③、解决方案，代码重复的抽取到父类，思想重复的用反射
难点：通用分页的处理；思想重复的用反射
写Hibernate的BaseDao使用一样的思路：
1、完成一个基础版本的查询方法
public void testList10() {
String hql="from Book where 1=1";
Book book=new Book();
if(book.getBookId() !=0) {
hql+=" and bookId = :bookId";
}
if(book.getBookName() !=null) {
hql+=" and bookName =: bookName";
}
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
if(book.getBookId() !=0) {
query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
}
if(book.getBookName() !=null) {
query.setParameter("bookName", "%圣墟%");
}
Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
System.out.println(b);
}
2、分析共同之处
①、都有非空判断
②、都有query对象
③、具体值从对象/map
④、都需要分页：
query.setFirstResult(2);//起始下标
query.setMaxResults(3);//偏移量
注意：分页是与PageBean的total，是优先查询出符合条件的总记录数
3、解决方案
BaseDao:
package lv.com.three.dao;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;import lv.com.three.hql.PageBean;
/**
* 1、设置参数的问题 2、分页代码重复的问题
*
* sql的通用分页的时候
*
* getCountSql(sql) select count(1) from (sql) t
*
* getCountHql(hql) hql = "from Book where bookName like :bookName" hql =
* "select * from new Book(bid,bookName) where bookName like :bookName" select
* count(1) hql
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class BaseDao {/**
* 通用的参数设值方法
*
* @param map
* 参数键值对集合
* @param query
* 预定义处理的hql对象
*/
public void setParam(Map<String, Object> map, Query query) {
if (map != null && map.size() > 0) {
Object value = null;
Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
// 例子的圣墟，但是有的时候它并不是单纯的字符串，可能是数组比如爱好，也可能是集合
value = entry.getValue();
if (value instanceof Object[]) {
query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Object[]) value);
} else if (value instanceof Collection) {
query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Collection) value);
} else {
query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), value);
}
}
}
}
/**
* 拼接
* 将关键字from都转为大写取得下标进行截取
* @param hql
* @return
*/
public String getCountHql(String hql) {
// hql = "from Book where bookName like :bookName"
// * hql = "select * from new Book(bid,bookName) where bookName like :bookName"
int index = hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM");
return "select count(*) " + hql.substring(index);
}
/**
* 通用查询方法
* @param session
* @param map
* @param hql
* @param pageBean
* @return
*/
public List executeQuery(Session session,Map<String, Object> map,String hql,PageBean pageBean) {
List list = null;
if(pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
String countHql = getCountHql(hql);
Query countQuery = session.createQuery(countHql);
this.setParam(map, countQuery);
pageBean.setTotal(countQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
// 给预定义hql语句执行对象中的参数赋值，有多少赋值多少
this.setParam(map, query);
query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
list = query.list();
}else {
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
// 给预定义hql语句执行对象中的参数赋值，有多少赋值多少
this.setParam(map, query);
list = query.list();
}
return list;
}}
BookDao:
package lv.com.two.dao;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;import lv.com.three.dao.BaseDao;
import lv.com.three.hql.PageBean;
import lv.com.three.hql.StringUtils;
import lv.com.two.entity.Book;
import lv.com.two.entity.Category;
import lv.com.two.util.SessionFactoryUtil;public class BookDao extends BaseDao{
public Integer addBook(Book book) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return bid;
}
public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return cid;
}
public Category getCategory(Category category) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return c;
}
public Book getBook(Book book) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return b;
}
public void delBook(Book book) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
session.delete(book);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
public void delCategory(Category category) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
if(c!=null) {
for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
// 通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
b.getCategories().remove(c);
}
}
session.delete(c);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
/*
* hql讲解用到（需要继承BaseDao）
*/
/**
* 没有使用BaseDao之前的代码
* @param book
* @param pageBean
* @return
*/
public List<Book> list(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from Book where 1 = 1";if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
}Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
query.setParameter("bookName", book.getBookName());
}if (pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
}
List<Book> list = query.list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;}
/**
* 使用BaseDao之后的代码
* @param book
* @param pageBean
* @return
*/
public List<Book> list2(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from Book where 1 = 1";
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
map.put("bookName", book.getBookName());
}
List list = super.executeQuery(session, map, hql, pageBean);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* 使用原生SQL
* @param book
* @param pageBean
* @return
*/
public List list3(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
// String sql = "select b.*,o.* from t_hibernate_book b,t_hibernate_Order o";
String sql = "select * from t_hibernate_book";
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List list = session.createSQLQuery(sql).list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
}
进行测试：
@Test
// 原生sql
public void testList1() {
PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
pageBean.setRows(3);
Book book = new Book();
// book.setBookName("%圣墟%");
List<Book> list=this.bookDao.list3(book, pageBean);
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
@Test
// 使用BaseDao
public void testList2() {
PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
pageBean.setRows(3);
Book book = new Book();
// book.setBookName("%圣墟%");
List<Book> list=this.bookDao.list2(book, pageBean);
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
@Test
// 在hibernate中使用原生sql
public void testList3() {
PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
pageBean.setRows(3);
Book book = new Book();
List<Object[]> list=this.bookDao.list3(book, pageBean);
for (Object[] object : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(object));
}
}
本期内容结束~
50
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
