常用的加密方法：MD5，DES，AES，RSA

MD5加密

import hashlib

def md5_encrypt(text):
    md5 = hashlib.md5()
    md5.update(text.encode('utf-8'))
    encrypted_text = md5.hexdigest()
    return encrypted_text

plaintext = input("请输入要加密的文本: ")
encrypted_text = md5_encrypt(plaintext)
print("加密后的结果为:", encrypted_text)

DES加密与解密

import base64
from Cryptodome.Cipher import DES
from Cryptodome.Util.Padding import pad, unpad

def des_encrypt(text, key):
    cipher = DES.new(key.encode(), DES.MODE_ECB)
    encrypt_text = cipher.encrypt(pad(text.encode(), DES.block_size, style='pkcs7'))
    return base64.b64encode(encrypt_text).decode()


def des_decrypt(encrypt_text, key):
    encrypt_text = base64.b64decode(encrypt_text)
    cipher = DES.new(key.encode(), DES.MODE_ECB)
    decrypt_text = cipher.decrypt(encrypt_text)
    return unpad(decrypt_text, DES.block_size, style='pkcs7').decode()

AES加密与解密

from Cryptodome.Cipher import AES
from Cryptodome.Util.Padding import pad, unpad
import base64

def aes_encrypt(text, key, iv):
    cipher = AES.new(key.encode(), AES.MODE_CBC, iv.encode())
    encrypt_text = cipher.encrypt(pad(text.encode(), AES.block_size))
    return base64.b64encode(encrypt_text).decode()

def aes_decrypt(encrypt_text, key, iv):
    encrypt_text = base64.b64decode(encrypt_text)
    cipher = AES.new(key.encode(), AES.MODE_CBC, iv.encode())
    decrypt_text = cipher.decrypt(encrypt_text)
    return unpad(decrypt_text, AES.block_size).decode()

RSA加密与解密（建议使用方法三）

公钥私钥生成地址：在线生成公钥私钥对，RSA公私钥生成-ME2在线工具

公钥：

# public_key.pem
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDdkCwaA32WNVTfePalphw0kAVg
QtQXv/SNhOMwKLgYdJuYzqPYO6SM6D30CmunEqmUGVEivaI352R9GJU0bvSEptkO
7uBUxqz9INy8gnlb7TILj6vPCG/cTekFRrFKLYapd8fhRMHIKQEGSjtYMetN0Tnl
EQg/VkxFAHj0dyR2cwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

私钥：

# private_key.pem
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

方法一：

# 导入库可以输入Crypto或Cryptodome,哪个没有报错就用哪个,效果都一样
from Cryptodome.PublicKey import RSA
from Cryptodome.Cipher import PKCS1_OAEP
import base64

# 加密
def encrypt_data(msg, public_key_path):
    # 读取公钥文件
    with open(public_key_path, 'r') as public_key_file:
        public_key = RSA.import_key(public_key_file.read())
        cipher = PKCS1_OAEP.new(public_key)
        encrypted_text = cipher.encrypt(msg.encode('utf-8'))
        return base64.b64encode(encrypted_text).decode('utf-8')

# 解密
def decrypt_data(encrypted_text, private_key_path):
    # 读取私钥文件
    with open(private_key_path, 'r') as private_key_file:
        private_key = RSA.import_key(private_key_file.read())
        cipher = PKCS1_OAEP.new(private_key)
        decoded_encrypted_text = base64.b64decode(encrypted_text.encode('utf-8'))
        decrypted_message = cipher.decrypt(decoded_encrypted_text)
        return decrypted_message.decode('utf-8')

# 加密后文本
print(encrypt_data("Hello, this is a secret message!", "./public_key.pem"))
# 解密后文本
print(decrypt_data(encrypt_data("Hello, this is a secret message!", "./public_key.pem"), "./private_key.pem"))

方法二：

import base64

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization, hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding

# 读取公钥文件
with open("public_key.pem", "rb") as public_key_file:
    public_key = serialization.load_pem_public_key(
        public_key_file.read()
    )

# 读取私钥文件
with open("private_key.pem", "rb") as private_key_file:
    private_key = serialization.load_pem_private_key(
        private_key_file.read(),
        password=None  # 如果私钥有密码保护，需要提供密码
    )

# 加密消息
message_text = "Hello, this is a secret message!"
message = message_text.encode('utf-8')
ciphertext = public_key.encrypt(
    message,
    padding.OAEP(mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA256()), algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
                 label=None
                 )
)

# 将加密后的字节串转换为 Base64 字符串
encrypted_str = base64.b64encode(ciphertext).decode('utf-8')

# 解密消息
decoded_ciphertext = base64.b64decode(encrypted_str.encode('utf-8'))
decrypted_message = private_key.decrypt(
    decoded_ciphertext,
    padding.OAEP(mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA256()),
                 algorithm=hashes.SHA256(), label=None
                 )
)

# 将解密后的字节串转换为文本
decrypted_text = decrypted_message.decode('utf-8')

# 打印加密前的文本、加密后的字符串和解密后的文本
print("Original Message:", message_text)
print("Encrypted Message String:", encrypted_str)
print("Decrypted Message Text:", decrypted_text)

方法三：

from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5

# 加密
def encrypt_data(msg, key_file):
    public_key = get_key(key_file)  # 读取公钥信息
    cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(public_key)  # 生成一个加密的类
    encrypt_text = base64.b64encode(cipher.encrypt(msg.encode()))  # 对数据进行加密
    return encrypt_text.decode()  # 对文本进行解码

# 解密
def decrypt_data(encrypted_text, key_file):
    private_key = RSA.import_key(open(key_file).read())    # 读取私钥信息
    encrypted_bytes = base64.b64decode(encrypted_text.encode())    # 将加密的文本从Base64格式解码为字节串
    cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(private_key)    # 创建一个PKCS1_v1_5解密器对象
    decrypted_bytes = cipher.decrypt(encrypted_bytes, None)    # 使用解密器对象解密消息
    return decrypted_bytes.decode()    # 返回解密后的消息，将其从字节串解码为文本


public_key = r"public_key.pem"
encrypt_text = encrypt_data("1234", public_key)
print("加密后文本:", encrypt_text)

private_key = r'private_key.pem'
decrypt_text = decrypt_data(encrypt_text, private_key)
print("解密后文本:", decrypt_text)