编写LED驱动，创建三个设备文件，每个设备文件绑定一个设备

驱动代码：

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include "head.h"

gpio_t *vir_led1;
gpio_t *vir_led2;
gpio_t *vir_led3;

unsigned int *vir_rcc;

struct cdev *cdev;
struct class *cls;
struct device *dev;

unsigned int major = 500;
unsigned int minor = 0; //此设备的起始值
dev_t devno;
char kbuf[128] = {0};
// 封装操作方法

int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    int a = inode->i_rdev;                 //获取当前设备文件对应的设备号
    file->private_data = (void *)MINOR(a); //将次设备号保存到当前文件的file结构中
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}

long mycdev_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    unsigned int a = (unsigned int)file->private_data;
    switch (a)
    {
    case 0:
        switch (cmd)
        {
        case LED_ON:
            vir_led1->ODR |= (0x1 << 10); // 开灯
            break;
        case LED_OFF:
            vir_led1->ODR &= (~(0x1 << 10));
            break;
        }
        break;

    case 1:
        switch (cmd)
        {
        case LED_ON:
            vir_led2->ODR |= (0x1 << 10); // 开灯
            break;
        case LED_OFF:
            vir_led2->ODR &= (~(0x1 << 10));
            break;
        }
        break;

    case 2:
        switch (cmd)
        {
        case LED_ON:
            vir_led3->ODR |= (0x1 << 8); // 开灯
            break;
        case LED_OFF:
            vir_led3->ODR &= (~(0x1 << 8));
            break;
        }
        break;
    }

return 0;
}

ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *lof)
{
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    if (size > sizeof(kbuf)) //用户的需求内核满足不了
    {
        size = sizeof(kbuf);
    }
    long ret;
    ret = copy_to_user(ubuf, kbuf, size);
    if (ret)
    {
        printk("copy_to_user filed\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
    return 0;
}

ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *lof)
{
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    if (size > sizeof(kbuf)) //用户的需求内核满足不了
    {
        size = sizeof(kbuf);
    }
    long ret;
    ret = copy_from_user(kbuf, ubuf, size);
    if (ret)
    {
        printk("copy_from_user filed\n");
        return -EIO;
    }

    return 0;
}

int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}

//定义一个操作方法结构体变量并且初始化
struct file_operations fops = {
    .open = mycdev_open,
    .read = mycdev_read,
    .write = mycdev_write,
    .release = mycdev_close,
    .unlocked_ioctl = mycdev_ioctl,
};

int all_led_init(void)
{
    //寄存器地址的映射
    vir_led1 = ioremap(PHY_LED1_ADDR, sizeof(gpio_t));
    if (vir_led1 == NULL)
    {
        printk("ioremap filed：%d\n", __LINE__);
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    vir_led2 = ioremap(PHY_LED2_ADDR, sizeof(gpio_t));
    if (vir_led2 == NULL)
    {
        printk("ioremap filed：%d\n", __LINE__);
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    vir_led3 = vir_led1;
    vir_rcc = ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR, 4);
    if (vir_rcc == NULL)
    {
        printk("ioremap filed：%d\n", __LINE__);
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("物理地址映射成功\n");
    //寄存器的初始化
    // rcc
    (*vir_rcc) |= (3 << 4);
    // led1
    vir_led1->MODER &= (~(3 << 20));
    vir_led1->MODER |= (1 << 20);
    vir_led1->ODR &= (~(1 << 10));
    // led2
    vir_led2->MODER &= (~(3 << 20));
    vir_led2->MODER |= (1 << 20);
    vir_led2->ODR &= (~(1 << 10));
    // led3
    vir_led3->MODER &= (~(3 << 16));
    vir_led3->MODER |= (1 << 16);
    vir_led3->ODR &= (~(1 << 8));
    printk("寄存器初始化成功\n");

    return 0;
}

static int __init mycdev_init(void)
{
    int ret;

    // 1.申请对象空间 cdev_alloc
    cdev = cdev_alloc();
    if (cdev == NULL)
    {
        printk("申请对象空间失败\n");
        ret = -EFAULT;
        goto OUT1;
    }

    // 2.初始化对象  cdev_init
    cdev_init(cdev, &fops);

    // 3.s申请设备号  register_chrdev_region()/alloc_chrdev_region()
    if (major == 0)
    {
        //动态申请
        ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, minor, 3, "mycdev");
        if (ret)
        {
            printk("动态申请设备号失败\n");
            goto OUT2;
        }
        //统一后面的操作
        major = MAJOR(devno); //根据设备号获取主设备号
        minor = MINOR(devno); //根据设备号获取次设备号
    }
    else
    {
        //静态申请
        ret = register_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, minor), 3, "mycdev");
        if (ret)
        {
            printk("静态指定设备号失败\n");
            goto OUT2;
        }
    }
    printk("设备号申请成功\n");

    // 4.注册驱动对象 cdev_add()
    ret = cdev_add(cdev, MKDEV(major, minor), 3);
    if (ret)
    {
        printk("注册设备驱动对象失败\n");
        goto OUT3;
    }

    // 5.向上提交目录  class_create()
    cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "mycdev");
    if (IS_ERR(cls))
    {
        printk("向上提交目录失败\n");
        ret = -PTR_ERR(cls);
        goto OUT4;
    }

    // 6.向上提交设备信息 device_create()
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        dev = device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, i), NULL, "mycdev%d", i);
        if (IS_ERR(dev))
        {
            printk("向上提交设备节点失败\n");
            ret = -PTR_ERR(dev);
            goto OUT5;
        }
    }
    printk("向上提交设备节点成功\n");

    // 寄存器映射以及初始化
    all_led_init();

    return 0;

OUT5:
    for (--i; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, i));
    }
    class_destroy(cls);
OUT4:
    cdev_del(cdev);
OUT3:
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, minor), 3);
OUT2:
    kfree(cdev);
OUT1:
    return ret;
}

static void __exit mycdev_exit(void)
{
    // 取消地址映射
    iounmap(vir_led1);
    iounmap(vir_led2);
    iounmap(vir_rcc);
    
    // 1.销毁设备信息  device_destroy
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, i));
    }

    // 2.销毁目录    class_destroy
    class_destroy(cls);

    // 3.注销驱动对象  cdev_del
    cdev_del(cdev);

    // 4.释放设备号   unregister_chrdev_region()
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, minor), 3);

    // 5.释放对象空间   kfree()
    kfree(cdev);
}
module_init(mycdev_init);
module_exit(mycdev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

应用层代码：

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include "head.h"

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int a, b, fd0, fd1, fd2;
    while (1)
    {
        printf("请输入要控制的灯 1(LED1) 2(LED2) 3(LED3):");
        scanf("%d", &b);

        fd0 = open("/dev/mycdev0", O_RDWR);
        if (fd0 < 0)
        {
            printf("打开设备文件失败\n");
            exit(-1);
        }
        fd1 = open("/dev/mycdev1", O_RDWR);
        if (fd1 < 0)
        {
            printf("打开设备文件失败\n");
            exit(-1);
        }
        fd2 = open("/dev/mycdev2", O_RDWR);
        if (fd2 < 0)
        {
            printf("打开设备文件失败\n");
            exit(-1);
        }

        printf("请输入指令\n");
        printf("0(关灯) 1(开灯)\n");

        printf("请输入:");
        scanf("%d", &a);

        switch (a)
        {
        case 1:
            switch (b)
            {
            case 1:
                ioctl(fd0, LED_ON); //开灯
                break;
            case 2:
                ioctl(fd1, LED_ON);
                break;
            case 3:
                ioctl(fd2, LED_ON);
                break;
            }
            break;
        case 0:
            switch (b)
            {
            case 1:
                ioctl(fd0, LED_OFF); //关灯
                break;
            case 2:
                ioctl(fd1, LED_OFF);
                break;
            case 3:
                ioctl(fd2, LED_OFF);
                break;
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    close(fd0);
    close(fd1);
    close(fd2);

    return 0;
}

头文件：

#ifndef __HEAD_H__
#define __HEAD_H__ 

typedef struct{
    unsigned int MODER;
    unsigned int OTYPER;
    unsigned int OSPEEDR;
    unsigned int PUPDR;
    unsigned int IDR;
    unsigned int ODR;
}gpio_t;

#define PHY_LED1_ADDR 0X50006000
#define PHY_LED2_ADDR 0X50007000
#define PHY_LED3_ADDR 0X50006000
#define PHY_RCC_ADDR  0X50000A28

//功能码
#define LED_ON _IOW('l', 1, int)
#define LED_OFF _IOW('l', 0, int)

#endif