标准库类型string表示可变长的字符序列,string本身是类,与容器操作相似,使用string类型必须首先包含#include<string>头文件。
1、string 构造函数
string s1; string默认构造
const char* str="hello world"; c风格字符串
string s2(str); 将char*字符串拷贝给s2
string s3(s2); 拷贝构造函数
string s4(n,'value'); 将n个value赋s4
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string s1;
const char* str = "hello world";
string s2(str);
string s3(s2);
string s4(10, 'a');
cout << "str : " << str << endl;
cout << "s2 : " << s2 << endl;
cout << "s3 : " << s3 << endl;
cout << "s4 : " << s4 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
、
2、string 容器赋值操作
string& operator=(const char*s); char*类型字符串 赋值给当前的字符串
string& operator=(const string &s); 把字符串s赋给当前的字符串
string& operator=(char c); 把字符赋给当前字符串
string& assign(const char*s); 把字符串s赋给当前的字符串
string& assign(const char*s,int n); 把字符串s前n个字符串赋给当前的字符串
string& assign(const string&s); 把字符串s赋给当前字符串
string& assign(int n ,char c); 用n个字符串c赋给当前字符串
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string s1;
s1 = "hello world";
string s2;
s2 = s1;
string s3;
s3 = 'c';
string s4;
s4.assign("hello world");
string s5;
s5.assign("hello world", 5);
string s6;
s6.assign(s2);
string s7;
s7.assign(5, 'c');
cout << "s1 : " << s1 << endl;
cout << "s2 : " << s2 << endl;
cout << "s3 : " << s3 << endl;
cout << "s4 : " << s4 << endl;
cout << "s5 : " << s5 << endl;
cout << "s6 : " << s6 << endl;
cout << "s7 : " << s7 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4、string 容器插入和删除
insert(pos,"value"); 在pos位置插入value值
erase(beg,end); 清除[beg,end]区间的字符,若只给beg一个值默认从beg开始全部清除;
clear(); 清空容器
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string s1= "hello world";
cout << "s1 : " << s1 << endl;
s1.insert(3, "value");
cout << "插入后s1 : " << s1 << endl;
s1.erase(2, 4);
cout << "指定区间s1 : " << s1 << endl;
s1.erase(s1.begin()+2,s1.end()-4);
cout << "利用迭代器指定区间s1 : " << s1 << endl;
s1.erase(2);
cout << "只给beg值s1 : " << s1 << endl;
s1.clear();
cout << "请空s1 : " << s1 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
5、string容器拼接
string& operator+=(const char*str); 重载+=操作符
string& operator+=(const char c);
string& operator+=(const string& str);
append(const char* s); 把字符串s连接到当前字符串尾部
append(const char*s,int n); 把字符串前n个字符连接到当前字符串尾部
append(const string &s); 把字符串s连接到当前字符串尾部
append(const string &s,int pos,int n); 把字符串s从pos开始n个字符连接到当前字符串尾部
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string s1= "hello ";
s1 += "world";
cout << "s1 : " << s1 << endl;
s1 += '!';
cout << "s1 : " << s1 << endl;
string s2="!6!6!6!";
s1 += s2;
cout << "s1 : " << s1 << endl;
s1.append("yes");
cout << "s1 : " << s1 << endl;
s1.append("hhhhhhhhh", 2);
cout << "s1 : " << s1 << endl;
s1.append(s2);
cout << "s1 : " << s1 << endl;
s1.append(s2, 2, 2);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
6、字符串查找和替换
find(); 从左至右
rfind(); 从右至左
replace(n,m,"字符串“); 从n号位置起m个字符替换成字符串
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string s1= "hello world";
char c = s1.find(2);
cout << "c : " << c << endl;
char b = s1.rfind(2);
cout << "b : " << b << endl;
s1.replace(2, 2, "value");
cout << "s1 : " << s1 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
7、字符串比较
str1.compare(str2); 返回值 0相等,-1小于 ,1大于
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string s1= "hello world";
string s2 = "helle w";
int a;
a = s1.compare(s2);
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}