本题可以采用有限元法进行求解,以下是采用C语言编写的基本势流叠加求解程序:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#define N 100 // 网格数
#define a 1.0 // 间距
double x[N], y[N]; // 网格点坐标
double u[N][N], v[N][N], p[N][N]; // 速度、压强场
int main()
{
int i, j, k;
double r, theta, ur, utheta, up, vp, dx, dy, dtheta;
double u1, v1, u2, v2, u3, v3, p1, p2, p3;
// 初始化网格点坐标
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
x[i] = -a + i * 2.0 * a / (N - 1);
y[i] = 0.0;
}
// 计算均匀流场
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
u[i][j] = 1.0;
v[i][j] = 0.0;
p[i][j] = 0.0;
}
}
// 添加点源场
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
dx = x[i];
dy = y[j];
r = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
theta = atan2(dy, dx);
ur = 1.0 / (2.0 * M_PI * r);
utheta = 0.0;
up = ur * cos(theta);
vp = ur * sin(theta);
u[i][j] += up;
v[i][j] += vp;
p[i][j] += ur;
}
}
// 添加偶极流场
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
dx = x[i];
dy = y[j];
r = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
theta = atan2(dy, dx);
ur = 0.0;
utheta = 1.0 / (2.0 * M_PI * r * r);
up = -utheta * sin(theta);
vp = utheta * cos(theta);
u[i][j] += up;
v[i][j] += vp;
p[i][j] += 0.0;
}
}
// 添加点涡场
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
dx = x[i];
dy = y[j];
r = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
theta = atan2(dy, dx);
if (r == 0.0) {
ur = 0.0;
utheta = 0.0;
up = 0.0;
vp = 0.0;
} else {
ur = 0.0;
utheta = 1.0 / (2.0 * M_PI * r);
up = -utheta * sin(theta);
vp = utheta * cos(theta);
}
u[i][j] += up;
v[i][j] += vp;
p[i][j] += 0.0;
}
}
// 绘制流场图
FILE* fp1 = fopen("streamline.txt", "w");
FILE* fp2 = fopen("vector.txt", "w");
FILE* fp3 = fopen("pressure.txt", "w");
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
if (i == 0 || j == 0 || i == N - 1 || j == N - 1) {
fprintf(fp1, "%lf %lf\n", x[i], y[j]);
fprintf(fp2, "%lf %lf %lf %lf\n", x[i], y[j], u[i][j], v[i][j]);
fprintf(fp3, "%lf %lf %lf\n", x[i], y[j], p[i][j]);
} else {
for (k = 0; k < 10; k++) {
dx = x[i];
dy = y[j];
r = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
theta = atan2(dy, dx);
u1 = u[i][j];
v1 = v[i][j];
p1 = p[i][j];
dx = x[i+1] - x[i];
dy = y[j+1] - y[j];
dtheta = atan2(dy, dx) - theta;
u2 = u[i+1][j];
v2 = v[i+1][j];
p2 = p[i+1][j];
u3 = u[i][j+1];
v3 = v[i][j+1];
p3 = p[i][j+1];
ur = u1 + (u2 - u1) * cos(dtheta) + (u3 - u1) * sin(dtheta);
utheta = v1 - (v2 - v1) * sin(dtheta) + (v3 - v1) * cos(dtheta);
up = p1 + (p2 - p1) * cos(dtheta) + (p3 - p1) * sin(dtheta);
vp = utheta / r;
dx = ur / sqrt(ur * ur + vp * vp);
dy = vp / sqrt(ur * ur + vp * vp);
x[i] += dx;
y[j] += dy;
fprintf(fp1, "%lf %lf\n", x[i], y[j]);
fprintf(fp2, "%lf %lf %lf %lf\n", x[i], y[j], ur, vp);
fprintf(fp3, "%lf %lf %lf\n", x[i], y[j], up);
}
}
}
fprintf(fp1, "\n");
fprintf(fp2, "\n");
fprintf(fp3, "\n");
}
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
fclose(fp3);
return 0;
}
```
程序中采用了有限元法进行求解,通过对网格点坐标的迭代来计算流场的分布。在程序中,首先初始化了网格点坐标,并计算了均匀流场。然后分别添加了点源场、偶极流场和点涡场,并将其叠加到速度和压强场中。最后,程序将计算得到的流场数据输出到文本文件中,以便后续进行绘图。
在绘制流场图之前,需要使用第三方软件对输出的文本文件数据进行处理,并将其转换为可视化的图形。这里我们使用Python的Matplotlib库进行绘图,以下是绘图代码:
```python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cm as cm
# 读取数据
def read_data(filename):
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
lines = f.readlines()
data = []
for line in lines:
if line.strip() == '':
continue
x, y = map(float, line.strip().split())
data.append([x, y])
return np.array(data)
# 绘制流线图
def plot_streamline(streamline):
X, Y = streamline.T
plt.plot(X, Y, 'k-', linewidth=0.5)
# 绘制速度矢量图
def plot_vector(vector):
X, Y, U, V = vector.T
plt.quiver(X, Y, U, V, angles='xy', scale_units='xy', scale=2.0, color='b')
# 绘制压强分布云图
def plot_pressure(pressure):
X, Y, P = pressure.T
plt.scatter(X, Y, c=P, cmap=cm.jet)
# 读取数据文件
streamline = read_data('streamline.txt')
vector = read_data('vector.txt')
pressure = read_data('pressure.txt')
# 设置绘图范围和坐标轴名称
plt.xlim(-1.5, 1.5)
plt.ylim(-1.0, 1.0)
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
# 绘制流线图、速度矢量图和压强分布云图
plot_streamline(streamline)
plot_vector(vector)
plot_pressure(pressure)
# 显示绘图结果
plt.show()
```
在绘制流场图之后,我们可以对求解的流场进行一定的分析。例如,可以从流线图中观察到流体在不同的场合下的流动规律;从速度矢量图中观察到流体的流速分布情况;从压强分布云图中观察到流体的压力变化情况等等。通过对流场的分析,可以更好地理解流体在不同场合下的运动规律,并且为工程应用提供参考。