错误处理机制

errno是一个全局变量

#include <stdio.h>
void perror(const char *s);

#include <errno.h>
#define EPERM        1         /* Operation not permitted */
#define ENOENT        2         /* No such file or directory */
#define ESRCH        3         /* No such process */
#define EINTR        4         /* Interrupted system call */
#define EIO        5         /* I/O error */
#define ENXIO        6         /* No such device or address */
#define E2BIG        7         /* Argument list too long */
#define ENOEXEC        8         /* Exec format error */
#define EBADF        9         /* Bad file number */
#define ECHILD        10        /* No child processes */
#define EAGAIN11        /* Try again */
#define ENOMEM        12        /* Out of memory */
#define EACCES        13        /* Permission denied */
#define EFAULT        14        /* Bad address */
#define ENOTBLK        15        /* Block device required */
#define EBUSY        16        /* Device or resource busy */
#define EEXIST        17        /* File exists */
#define EXDEV        18        /* Cross-device link */
#define ENODEV        19        /* No such device */
#define ENOTDIR        20        /* Not a directory */
#define EISDIR        21        /* Is a directory */
#define EINVAL        22        /* Invalid argument */
#define ENFILE        23        /* File table overflow */
#define EMFILE        24        /* Too many open files */
#define ENOTTY        25        /* Not a typewriter */
#define ETXTBSY        26        /* Text file busy */
#define EFBIG        27        /* File too large */
#define ENOSPC        28        /* No space left on device */
#define ESPIPE        29        /* Illegal seek */
#define EROFS        30        /* Read-only file system */
#define EMLINK        31        /* Too many links */
#define EPIPE        32        /* Broken pipe */
#define EDOM        33        /* Math argument out of domain of func */
#define ERANGE        34        /* Math result not representable */

perror打印失败原因，程序中调某个函数失败，如open除了返回-1，通常errno is set approproiately。

perror去找errno根据错误号打印相应出错信息

#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<errno.h>

int main(){
    int fd=open("abc",O_WRONLY);
    if(fd<0){
        printf("errno=%d\n",errno);
        perror("我靠open出错了");
        exit(1);
    }

    return 0;
}

另外，strerror也可以实现相同的效果

#include <string.h>
char *strerror(int errnum);
int strerror_r(int errnum, char *buf, size_t buflen);
/* XSI-compliant */
char *strerror_r(int errnum, char *buf, size_t buflen);
/* GNU-specific */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<string.h>
int main(){
    int fd=open("abc",O_WRONLY);
    if(fd<0){
//        printf("errno=%d\n",errno);
        printf("我靠open出错了 %s\n",strerror(errno));
//        perror("我靠open出错了");
    }
    printf("fd=%d\n",fd);
    return 0;
}