第五章 详解广播机制（Broadcast Receiver）

一、广播机制简介

发送广播：Intent

接收广播：广播接收器（Broadcast Receiver）

Android广播分为两种类型：标准广播和有序广播

标准广播：异步执行的广播，所有的广播接收器会在同一时刻接收到的广播

有序广播：同步执行的广播，优先级高的广播接收器先收到广播，并且可以截断广播

二、接收系统广播

注册广播的方式有两种：在代码中注册（动态注册）和在AndroidManifest.xml5中注册（静态注册）

1.动态注册监听网络变化

缺点：必须要在程序启动之后才能接收到广播

广播接收器的基本用法

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
        networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
        registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver, intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver); // 取消注册
    }

    class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context, "network changes", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

2.静态注册实现开机启动

1. 创建一个xx类继承BroadCastReceiver

2. 在AndroidManifest.xml注册静态的广播接收器

3. 在AndroidManifest.xml添加响应广播的action，并且声明该广播的权限

三、发送自定义广播

1.发送标准广播

1. 通过静态注册定义一个广播接收器用于接收自定义的广播

2. 首先构建一个Intent对象，并把要发送的广播的值传入。再调用ContextWrapper的sendBroadcast()方法将广播发送出去

3. 在 Android 8.0 之后，对于广播的发送与接收变严格了，需要加入Component参数

4. 或者按照《第一行代码-第三版》的方法解决：在Android 8.0系统之后，静态注册的BroadcastReceiver是无法接收隐式广播的，而默认情况下我们发出 的自定义广播恰恰都是隐式广播。因此这里一定要调用setPackage()方法，指定这条广播是 发送给哪个应用程序的，从而让它变成一条显式广播，否则静态注册的BroadcastReceiver将 无法接收到这条广播。 注意只有静态注册才写，动态注册不需要写

Button button = findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.jack.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
        intent.setPackage(getPackageName());
        //intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.jack.broadcasttest","com.jack.broadcasttest.MyBroadcastReceiver"));
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }
});

2.发送有序广播

        <receiver
            android:name=".AnotherBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.jack.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <receiver
            android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.jack.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

再注册一个静态接收广播，发现两个receiver都接收到自定义广播，并且和静态注册的顺序相关

---

        Button button = findViewById(R.id.send_broadcast);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.jack.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                intent.setPackage(getPackageName());
                //sendOrderedBroadcast()方法接收两个参数：第一个 参数仍然是Intent；第二个参数是一个与权限相关的字符串，这里传入null就行了。 
                sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null);
            }
        });

        <receiver
            android:name=".AnotherBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.jack.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <receiver
            android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            //通过android:priority属性设置优先级
            <intent-filter android:priority="100">
                <action android:name="com.jack.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
 
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        //abortBroadcast()方法表示将广播截断
        abortBroadcast();
    }
}

实测 MyBroadcastReceiver可以把广播截断

五、广播的最佳实践—实现强制下线功能

发送自定义广播：

public class MainActivity extends BaseAcitvity {
 
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button send = findViewById(R.id.send_forceOffline);
        send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.jack.broadcastreceiverbest.FORCE_OFFLINE");
                sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
    }
}

注册一个动态广播接收器：

public class BaseAcitvity extends AppCompatActivity {
 
    private ForceOfflineReceiver forceOfflineReceiver;
 
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        ActivityCollector.addActivity(this);
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction("com.jack.broadcastreceiverbest.FORCE_OFFLINE");
        forceOfflineReceiver = new ForceOfflineReceiver();
        registerReceiver(forceOfflineReceiver,filter);
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        unregisterReceiver(forceOfflineReceiver);
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        ActivityCollector.removeActivity(this);
    }
 
    class ForceOfflineReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
 
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(BaseAcitvity.this);
            builder.setTitle("Warning");
            builder.setMessage("You are forced to be offline.Please try to login again");
            builder.setCancelable(false);
            builder.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                    ActivityCollector.finishAll();
                    Intent intent = new Intent(context, LoginActivity.class);
                    //注意这里的写法，context去掉也行，或者改成BaseActivity.super也行
                    //为什么context也行呢，查看源码startActivity()是一个抽象方法呀？因为Context类也是一个抽象类，既然有实例context，必然是通过多态间接实现父类的实例化，那么调用的方法肯定是子类已经实现的方法
                    context.startActivity(intent);
                }
            });
            builder.show();
        }
    }
}