目录
前言：
面向对象编程，首先分析需求，抽象出来对象。对具体的对象在进行细分，比如对象之间的分类，用不同的包去维护不同类别的对象，具体类别的对象还可以进行共性的抽取，后期开发也好进行一些操作。
需求分析
🎈图书管理系统，有管理员和普通用户，书籍的信息，对书籍的查看，添加，修改等等一些操作。
🎈首先把普通用户和管理员，和书抽象出来对象。前两者和书可以分为两个类别。普通用户和管理员都是对系统的使用者，可以进行共性的抽取。对于书来说，只是一个单纯的对象，而对于图书管理系统来说需要对大量书籍进行管理，因此可以用这个对象设置一个书架，也就是数组，我们只需要对这个数组进行操作。对于书籍的一些操作，可以认为是一些标准的行为，可以实现一个接口，让每一个操作去实现这些接口。
核心分析
🪖最后需要我们把，各种对象，各种操作整合起来。根据用户选择来实例化管理员对象或者普通用户对象，用它们的父类引用类型接收（向上提升）。根据用户选择进行相应操作，那么就需要调用各种操作类里面的方法，管理员或者普通用户实例化对象时，将各种操作的对象存储起来，我们只需要选择不同对象去调用不同操作方法即可。
包的设计
代码实现
user包
AdminUser类
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AdminUser extends User{
public AdminUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new ShowOperation(),
};
}
public int menu() {
System.out.println("欢迎" + this.name + "来到图书小练习");
System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
System.out.println("2. 新增图书");
System.out.println("3. 删除图书");
System.out.println("4. 显示图书");
System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
System.out.println("请选择你的操作：");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int choose = scan.nextInt();
return choose;
}
}NormalUser类
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User{
public NormalUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation()
};
}
public int menu() {
System.out.println("欢迎" + this.name + "来到图书小练习");
System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
System.out.println("2. 借阅图书");
System.out.println("3. 归还图书");
System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
System.out.println("请选择你的操作：");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int choose = scan.nextInt();
return choose;
}
}
User抽象类
package user;
import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
IOperation[] iOperations;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void doOpeation(int choose, BookList bookList) {
iOperations[choose].work(bookList);
}
}
Main类（主类）
import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
private static User login() {
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scan.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你的身份 1. 管理员 0. 普通用户");
int choose = scan.nextInt();
if(choose == 1){
return new AdminUser(name);
}else {
return new NormalUser(name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList = new BookList();
User user = login();
while(true) {
int choose = user.menu();
user.doOpeation(choose,bookList);
}
}
}book包
Book类
package book;
public class Book {
private String name;
private String author;
private int price;
private String type;
private boolean isBorrow;
public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public Boolean getBorrow() {
return isBorrow;
}
public void setBorrow(Boolean borrow) {
isBorrow = borrow;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", isBorrow=" + (isBorrow == true ? " 已借出" :" 未借出")+
'}';
}
}BookList类
package book;
public class BookList {
//引用数组
private Book[] books = new Book[10];
private int usedSize;
public BookList() {
books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中", 89,"小说");
books[1] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",78,"小说");
books[2] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",99,"小说");
this.usedSize = 3;
}
public int getUsedSize() {
return usedSize;
}
public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
this.usedSize = usedSize;
}
public Book getPos(int i){
return books[i];
}
public void setBook(Book book, int pos) {
books[pos] = book;
}
}
operation包
AddOperation类
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("请输入你要增加的书名：");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
String bookName = scan.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入作者：");
String author = scan.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入类型");
String type = scan.nextLine();
//防止nextInt读取回车
System.out.println("请输入价格：");
int price = scan.nextInt();
Book book = new Book(bookName,author,price,type);
bookList.setBook(book,bookList.getUsedSize());
bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize() + 1);
}
}
BorrowOperation类
package operation;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("借阅图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的图书");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scan.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
if(name.equals(bookList.getPos(i).getName())) {
if(bookList.getPos(i).getBorrow()) {
System.out.println("抱歉你要借阅的图书以借出");
return;
} else {
bookList.getPos(i).setBorrow(true);
System.out.println("借阅成功");
return;
}
}
}
System.out.println("抱歉，没有你要借阅的图书");
}
}
DelOperation类
package operation;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("删除图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要删除图书的名字：");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scan.nextLine();
for(int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
if(name.equals(bookList.getPos(i).getName())){
for(int j = i; j < bookList.getUsedSize() - 1; j++) {
bookList.setBook(bookList.getPos(j + 1), j);
}
//防止内存泄漏，删除后数组最后一位数据还引用着对象
bookList.setBook(null,bookList.getUsedSize() - 1);
bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize() - 1);
System.out.println("删除成功");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("抱歉，没有你要删除的图书");
}
}
ExitOperation类
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("退出系统");
System.exit(0);
}
}
FindOperation类
package operation;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("查找图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书名");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
String bookName = scan.nextLine();
for(int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++){
if(bookName.equals(bookList.getPos(i).getName())){
System.out.println("你要查找图书的信息");
System.out.println(bookList.getPos(i));
return;
}
}
System.out.println("抱歉，没有你要查找的图书");
}
}
ReturnOperation类
package operation;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("归还图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要归还的书名：");
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scan.nextLine();
for(int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
if(name.equals(bookList.getPos(i).getName())) {
if(bookList.getPos(i).getBorrow()) {
bookList.getPos(i).setBorrow(false);
System.out.println("归还成功");
return;
}else {
System.out.println("你的书已经归还，无需再次归还");
return;
}
}
}
System.out.println("没有你要归还的图书");
}
}
ShowOperation类
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public class ShowOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
for(int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++){
System.out.println(bookList.getPos(i));
}
}
}
IOperation接口
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public interface IOperation {
void work(BookList bookList);
}
小结：
🐵面向对象编程，需求分析，框架搭建，然后才是核心代码的编写，需要大量去思考，锻炼自己的这种思维。
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