数据结构学习——n皇后问题

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前言——n皇后问题

N 皇后问题源自国际象棋，所有棋子中权力最大的称为皇后，它可以直着走、横着走、斜着走（沿 45 度角），可以攻击移动途中遇到的任何棋子。N 皇后问题的具体内容是：如何将 N 个皇后摆放在 N*N 的棋盘中，使它们无法相互攻击。

一、实际操作

1.判断

bool place(int* paraSolution, int paraT){
	int j;
    for (j = 1; j < paraT; j ++){
        if ((abs(paraT - j) == abs(paraSolution[j] - paraSolution[paraT])) || (paraSolution[j] == paraSolution[paraT]))
            return false;
    }//Of for
    return true;
}//Of place

2.回溯

void backtracking(int* paraSolution, int paraN, int paraT){
	int i;
    if (paraT > paraN){
        for (i = 1; i <= paraN; i ++)
            printf("%d ", paraSolution[i]);
		printf("\r\n");
    }else{
        for (i = 1; i <= paraN; i ++){
            paraSolution[paraT] = i;
            if (place(paraSolution, paraT))
                backtracking(paraSolution, paraN, paraT + 1);
        }//Of for i
    }//Of if
}//Of backtracking

3.标记序号

void nQueen(int paraN){
	int i;
	int* solution = (int*)malloc((paraN + 1) * sizeof(int));
	for (i = 0; i <= paraN; i ++)
		solution[i] = 0;
 
    backtracking(solution, paraN, 1);
}

二、完整代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <math.h>
 
/**
 * Place it there, applicable?
 */
bool place(int* paraSolution, int paraT){
	int j;
    for (j = 1; j < paraT; j ++){
        if ((abs(paraT - j) == abs(paraSolution[j] - paraSolution[paraT])) || (paraSolution[j] == paraSolution[paraT]))
            return false;
    }//Of for
    return true;
}//Of place
 
/**
 * Backtracking.
 */
void backtracking(int* paraSolution, int paraN, int paraT){
	int i;
    if (paraT > paraN){
        for (i = 1; i <= paraN; i ++)
            printf("%d ", paraSolution[i]);
		printf("\r\n");
    }else{
        for (i = 1; i <= paraN; i ++){
            paraSolution[paraT] = i;
            if (place(paraSolution, paraT))
                backtracking(paraSolution, paraN, paraT + 1);
        }//Of for i
    }//Of if
}//Of backtracking
 
/**
 * Title: n queens.<br>
 */
void nQueen(int paraN){
	int i;
	int* solution = (int*)malloc((paraN + 1) * sizeof(int));
	for (i = 0; i <= paraN; i ++)
		solution[i] = 0;
 
    backtracking(solution, paraN, 1);
}//Of nQueen
 
/**
 * The entrance.
 */
int main(){
	nQueen(5);
	return 1;
}//Of main

三、测试结果

1 3 5 2 4
1 4 2 5 3
2 4 1 3 5
2 5 3 1 4
3 1 4 2 5
3 5 2 4 1
4 1 3 5 2
4 2 5 3 1
5 2 4 1 3
5 3 1 4 2
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