目录
1.2.2 在项目(Config)中入驻对应的Bean后就可使用了
1.1 雪花算法介绍
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后台生成SessionId需要保证全局唯一,我们可借鉴SnowFlake(雪花算法)来实现;
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什么是雪花算法?
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雪花算法是Twitter公司内部为分布式环境下生成唯一ID的一种算法解决方案,底层会帮助我们生成一个64位(比特位)的long类型的Id;
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不适用:1bit,最高位是符号位,0表示正,1表示负,固定为0
时间戳:41bit,毫秒级的时间戳(41位长度可以使用69年)
标识位:5bit数据中心ID,5bit工作机器ID,两个标识位组合起来最多可以支持部署1024个节点
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SnowFlake算法优点 高性能高可用:生成时不依赖于数据库,完全在内存中生成 高吞吐:每秒钟能生成数百王的自增ID ID自增:存入数据库中,索引效率高
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SnowFlake算法的缺点 依赖系统时间,如果系统时间被回调,或者改变,可能会造成ID冲突或者重复
1.2 实现方法
1.2.1 导入雪花算法工具类
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
/**
* 分布式自增长ID实现,底层基于Twitter的Snowflake
* 64位ID (42(时间戳)+5(机房ID)+5(机器ID)+12(序列号-同毫秒内重复累加))
* @author itheima
*/
public class IdWorker {
// 时间起始标记点,作为基准,一般取系统的最近时间(一旦确定不能变动)
private final static long twepoch = 1288834974657L;
// 机器标识位数
private final static long workerIdBits = 5L;
// 数据中心标识位数
private final static long datacenterIdBits = 5L;
// 机器ID最大值
private final static long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
// 数据中心ID最大值
private final static long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);
// 毫秒内自增位
private final static long sequenceBits = 12L;
// 机器ID偏左移12位
private final static long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
// 数据中心ID左移17位
private final static long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
// 时间毫秒左移22位
private final static long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;
private final static long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);
/* 上次生产id时间戳 */
private static long lastTimestamp = -1L;
//同毫秒并发控制
private long sequence = 0L;
//机器ID
private final long workerId;
//机房ID
private final long datacenterId;
public IdWorker(){
this.datacenterId = getDatacenterId(maxDatacenterId);
this.workerId = getMaxWorkerId(datacenterId, maxWorkerId);
}
/**
* @param workerId
* 工作机器ID
* @param datacenterId
* 序列号
*/
public IdWorker(long workerId, long datacenterId) {
if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxWorkerId));
}
if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxDatacenterId));
}
this.workerId = workerId;
this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
}
/**
* 获取下一个ID
*
* @return
*/
public synchronized long nextId() {
long timestamp = timeGen();
if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds", lastTimestamp - timestamp));
}
if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
// 当前毫秒内,则+1
sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
if (sequence == 0) {
// 当前毫秒内计数满了,则等待下一秒
timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
}
} else {
sequence = 0L;
}
lastTimestamp = timestamp;
// ID偏移组合生成最终的ID,并返回ID
long nextId = ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift)
| (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift)
| (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;
return nextId;
}
private long tilNextMillis(final long lastTimestamp) {
long timestamp = this.timeGen();
while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
timestamp = this.timeGen();
}
return timestamp;
}
private long timeGen() {
return System.currentTimeMillis();
}
/**
* <p>
* 获取 maxWorkerId
* </p>
*/
protected static long getMaxWorkerId(long datacenterId, long maxWorkerId) {
StringBuffer mpid = new StringBuffer();
mpid.append(datacenterId);
String name = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName();
if (!name.isEmpty()) {
/*
* GET jvmPid
*/
mpid.append(name.split("@")[0]);
}
/*
* MAC + PID 的 hashcode 获取16个低位
*/
return (mpid.toString().hashCode() & 0xffff) % (maxWorkerId + 1);
}
/**
* <p>
* 数据标识id部分
* </p>
*/
protected static long getDatacenterId(long maxDatacenterId) {
long id = 0L;
try {
InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
NetworkInterface network = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(ip);
if (network == null) {
id = 1L;
} else {
byte[] mac = network.getHardwareAddress();
id = ((0x000000FF & (long) mac[mac.length - 1])
| (0x0000FF00 & (((long) mac[mac.length - 2]) << 8))) >> 6;
id = id % (maxDatacenterId + 1);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(" getDatacenterId: " + e.getMessage());
}
return id;
}
}
1.2.2 在项目(Config)中入驻对应的Bean后就可使用了
/**
* 配置id生成器bean
* @return
*/
@Bean
public IdWorker idWorker(){
//基于运维人员对机房和机器的编号规划自行约定
return new IdWorker(1l,2l);
}