构建Docker镜像案例练习

目录

一、构建SSH镜像

二、Systemctl镜像

三、nginx 镜像

四、Tomcat镜像

五、Mysql镜像

---

一、构建SSH镜像

mkdir sshd
cd sshd

vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER li
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install openssh* net-tools lsof telnet passwd
RUN echo '123456' | passwd --stdin root
RUN sed -i 's/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
RUN sed -i '/^session\s\+required\s\+pam_loginuid.so/s/^/#/' /etc/pam.d/sshd
RUN mkdir -p /root/.ssh && chown root.root /root && chmod 700 /root/.ssh
EXPOSE 22
CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd","-D"]

//生成镜像
docker build -t sshd:new .
//启动容器，用随机端口做映射
docker run -d -P sshd:new

//验证
ssh localhost -p 49154

 

二、Systemctl镜像

mkdir systemctl
cd systemctl

vim Dockerfile

#基于上一题的生成的sshd镜像
FROM sshd:new

#设置变量 container 值为docker
ENV container docker

#切换到/lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/目录下，使用for循环删除除了systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service文件外的所有文件
RUN (cd /lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/;for i in *;do [ $i ==\
systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service ] || rm -f $i;done);\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/*;\
rm -f /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/*;\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/*;\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*udev*;\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*initctl*;\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/*;\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/anaconda.target.wants/*;

#创建数据卷，用于挂载到宿主目录
VOLUME ["/sys/fs/cgroup"]

#启动容器时进行系统初始化
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]

docker build -t systemd:new .

//privateged container内的root拥有真正的root权限。否则，container内的root只是外部的一个普通用户权限。
docker run --privileged -ti -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup:ro systemd:new /sbin/init &

//进入容器
docker exec -it 9856c636c38a bash
systemctl status sshd

三、nginx 镜像

vim Dockerfile

#基于基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#用户信息
MAINTAINER li
#添加环境包
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
#下载nginx软件包
ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /usr/local/src
WORKDIR /usr/local/src
#指定工作目录
WORKDIR nginx-1.12.0
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
#指定http和https端口
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
RUN echo "daemon off;">>/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#添加宿主机中run.sh到容器中
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
CMD ["/run.sh"]

vim run.sh

#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

//创建新镜像
docker build -t nginx:new .

docker run -d -P nginx:new
docker ps -a

http://192.168.163.100:49156/

四、Tomcat镜像

mkdir tomcat
cd tomcat/
拷贝apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz和jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm

 

vim Dockerfile

#基于基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#用户信息
MAINTAINER li
#复制rpm包，并安装
COPY jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm /
RUN rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm

#配置环境变量
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64
ENV CLASSPATH /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64/lib/tools.jar:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64/lib/dt.jar
ENV PATH /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64/bin:$PATH

#解压tomcat包到容器，并改名为tomcat
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz /usr/local/
WORKDIR /usr/local/
RUN mv apache-tomcat-9.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat

#开启tomcat服务，ENTRYPOINT用于设置容器开启时的第一条命令，tomcat的启动脚本是catalina.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh","run"]

docker build -t tomcat:centos7 .
docker run -d --name tomcat1 -p 1212:8080 tomcat:centos7

http://192.168.163.100:1212

 

 

五、Mysql镜像

mkdir mysql
cd mysql/
将mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz放入

#编写my.cnf文件用于替换容器内部的
vim my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AU

vim Dockerfile

#基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#作者信息
MAINTAINER li
#安装环境依赖包
RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make

#创建运行用户
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql

#编译安装
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /opt
WORKDIR /opt/mysql-5.7.20/
RUN cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 && make -j4 && make install

#修改mysql 配置文件
RUN rm -f /etc/my.cnf
COPY my.cnf /etc


#更改mysql安装目录和配置文件的属主属组
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
RUN chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf

#设置路径环境变量
ENV PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib

#初始化数据库
WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/
RUN bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

#添加mysqld系统服务
RUN cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

#开放端口
EXPOSE 3306

#制作启动脚本，开始mysql服务
RUN echo -e "#!/bin/sh \nsystemctl enable mysqld" >/run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
RUN sh /run.sh
CMD ["init"]

docker build -t mysql:centos7 .
docker images
docker run --name=mysql_server -d -P --privileged mysql:centos7
docker ps -a

docker exec -it fe467047ad6b /bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p
回车，此时没有密码

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'abc123';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'abc123';
flush privileges;

另开终端，用于测试
yum -y install mariadb*
docker ps -a
mysql -h 192.168.163.100 -u root -P 49157 -pabc123

show databases;
create database rongqi;
create database VM;