学习日志5——
活动地址:CSDN21天学习挑战赛
1.多进程
1.1 进程
程序:xxx.py是程序,是静态的
进程:一个程序运行起来后,代码+用到的资源 称之为进程,它是操作系统分配资源的基本单元。不仅可以通过线程完成多任务,进程也可以
1.2进程的状态
2.进程的创建-multiprocessing
1.Process类语法
multiprocessing.Process对象具有如下方法和属性 :
2. 2个while循环一起执行
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from multiprocessing import Process
import time
def run_proc():
"""子进程要执行的代码"""
while True:
print("----2----")
time.sleep(1)
if __name__=='__main__':
p = Process(target=run_proc)
p.start()
while True:
print("----1----")
time.sleep(1)
3.进程pid
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from multiprocessing import Process
import os
import time
def run_proc():
"""子进程要执行的代码"""
print('子进程运行中,pid=%d...' % os.getpid()) # os.getpid获取当前进程的进程号
print('子进程将要结束...')
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('父进程pid: %d' % os.getpid()) # os.getpid获取当前进程的进程号
p = Process(target=run_proc)
p.start()
4.给子进程指定的函数传递参数
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from multiprocessing import Process
import os
from time import sleep
def run_proc(name, age, **kwargs):
for i in range(10):
print('子进程运行中,name= %s,age=%d ,pid=%d...' % (name, age, os.getpid()))
print(kwargs)
sleep(0.2)
if __name__=='__main__':
p = Process(target=run_proc, args=('test',18), kwargs={"m":20})
p.start()
sleep(1) # 1秒中之后,立即结束子进程
p.terminate()
p.join()
5.进程间不同享全局变量
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from multiprocessing import Process
import os
import time
nums = [11, 22]
def work1():
"""子进程要执行的代码"""
print("in process1 pid=%d ,nums=%s" % (os.getpid(), nums))
for i in range(3):
nums.append(i)
time.sleep(1)
print("in process1 pid=%d ,nums=%s" % (os.getpid(), nums))
def work2():
"""子进程要执行的代码"""
print("in process2 pid=%d ,nums=%s" % (os.getpid(), nums))
if __name__ == '__main__':
p1 = Process(target=work1)
p1.start()
p1.join()
p2 = Process(target=work2)
p2.start()
3.进程间同步-Queue
1.Queue类语法
2.Queue的使用
#coding=utf-8
from multiprocessing import Queue
q=Queue(3) #初始化一个Queue对象,最多可接收三条put消息
q.put("消息1")
q.put("消息2")
print(q.full()) #False
q.put("消息3")
print(q.full()) #True
#因为消息列队已满下面的try都会抛出异常,第一个try会等待2秒后再抛出异常,第二个Try会立刻抛出异常
try:
q.put("消息4",True,2)
except:
print("消息列队已满,现有消息数量:%s"%q.qsize())
try:
q.put_nowait("消息4")
except:
print("消息列队已满,现有消息数量:%s"%q.qsize())
#推荐的方式,先判断消息列队是否已满,再写入
if not q.full():
q.put_nowait("消息4")
#读取消息时,先判断消息列队是否为空,再读取
if not q.empty():
for i in range(q.qsize()):
print(q.get_nowait())
3.Queue实例
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
import os, time, random
# 写数据进程执行的代码:
def write(q):
for value in ['A', 'B', 'C']:
print('Put %s to queue...' % value)
q.put(value)
time.sleep(random.random())
# 读数据进程执行的代码:
def read(q):
while True:
if not q.empty():
value = q.get(True)
print('Get %s from queue.' % value)
time.sleep(random.random())
else:
break
if __name__=='__main__':
# 父进程创建Queue,并传给各个子进程:
q = Queue()
pw = Process(target=write, args=(q,))
pr = Process(target=read, args=(q,))
# 启动子进程pw,写入:
pw.start()
# 等待pw结束:
pw.join()
# 启动子进程pr,读取:
pr.start()
pr.join()
# pr进程里是死循环,无法等待其结束,只能强行终止:
print('')
print('所有数据都写入并且读完')
4.进程间同步-Lock
2.程序不加锁
import multiprocessing
import time
def add(num, value):
print('add{0}:num={1}'.format(value, num))
for i in range(0, 2):
num += value
print('add{0}:num={1}'.format(value, num))
time.sleep(1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
lock = multiprocessing.Lock()
num = 0
p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add, args=(num, 1))
p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add, args=(num, 2))
p1.start()
p2.start()
运行结果:运行无顺序,进程交替进行
3.程序加锁
import multiprocessing
import time
def add(num, value, lock):
try:
lock.acquire()
print('add{0}:num={1}'.format(value, num))
for i in range(0, 2):
num += value
print('add{0}:num={1}'.format(value, num))
time.sleep(1)
except Exception as err:
raise err
finally:
lock.release()
if __name__ == '__main__':
lock = multiprocessing.Lock()
num = 0
p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add, args=(num, 1, lock))
p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=add, args=(num, 2, lock))
p1.start()
p2.start()
运行结果:只有其中一个进程执行完成后,其它进程才会执行,且谁先抢到,谁先执行
5.进程池Pool
1.Pool类语法
multiprocessing.Pool常用函数:
2.Pool实例
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from multiprocessing import Pool
import os, time, random
def worker(msg):
t_start = time.time()
print("%s开始执行,进程号为%d" % (msg,os.getpid()))
# random.random()随机生成0~1之间的浮点数
time.sleep(random.random()*2)
t_stop = time.time()
print(msg,"执行完毕,耗时%0.2f" % (t_stop-t_start))
po = Pool(3) # 定义一个进程池,最大进程数3
for i in range(0,10):
# Pool().apply_async(要调用的目标,(传递给目标的参数元祖,))
# 每次循环将会用空闲出来的子进程去调用目标
po.apply_async(worker,(i,))
print("----start----")
po.close() # 关闭进程池,关闭后po不再接收新的请求
po.join() # 等待po中所有子进程执行完成,必须放在close语句之后
print("-----end-----")
3.进程池中的Queue
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 修改import中的Queue为Manager
from multiprocessing import Manager,Pool
import os,time,random
def reader(q):
print("reader启动(%s),父进程为(%s)" % (os.getpid(), os.getppid()))
for i in range(q.qsize()):
print("reader从Queue获取到消息:%s" % q.get(True))
def writer(q):
print("writer启动(%s),父进程为(%s)" % (os.getpid(), os.getppid()))
for i in "itcast":
q.put(i)
if __name__=="__main__":
print("(%s) start" % os.getpid())
q = Manager().Queue() # 使用Manager中的Queue
po = Pool()
po.apply_async(writer, (q,))
time.sleep(1) # 先让上面的任务向Queue存入数据,然后再让下面的任务开始从中取数据
po.apply_async(reader, (q,))
po.close()
po.join()
print("(%s) End" % os.getpid())
6.进程,线程对比
1.功能
2.区别
3.优缺点