(java面向对象)图书馆管理系统


前言

实现一个简单的图书管理系统。有管理员和普通用户两个身份。
管理员:1.查找图书,2.新增图书,3.删除图书,4.显示图书,0.退出系统
普通用户:1.查找图书,2.借阅图书,3.归还图书,0.退出系统


想要构建多个属性,按shift。

一、系统框架

1.角色:普通用户和管理员

定义user包,User角色

package user;

public class User {
    private String name;

    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

普通用户

package user;

public class NomalUser extends User{
    public NomalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
    }
}

管理员

package user;

public class AdminUser extends User{
    public  AdminUser(String name){
        super(name);
    }
}

2.行为:书和书架

设置一个book包。有Book和BookList类。

package book;

public class Book {
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private int price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed;//是否被借出,可以不被包含在构造方法中,因为一本书默认是不被借出的。

    public Book(String name,String author,int price,String type) {
        this.name=name;
        this.author=author;
        this.price=price;
        this.type=type;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +","+
                ((isBorrowed==true)?"已借出":"未借出")+
               // ", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
                '}';
    }
}


书架可以用数组来代替。

package book;

public class BookList {
    private Book[] books=new Book[10];
    //假设能放10本书
    private int useSize;//记录书架上有几本书

    //在构造方法中初始化三本书
    public BookList() {
        books[0] = new Book("三国演义", "罗贯中", 23, "小说");
        books[1] = new Book("历史", "小华", 43, "报刊");
        books[2] = new Book("数学", "莉莉", 29, "课本");
        this.useSize=3;
    }
    public Book getBook(int pos){
        return books[pos];
    }
    public int getUseSize() {
        return useSize;
    }

    public void setUseSize(int useSize) {
        this.useSize = useSize;
    }



    public void setBooks(int pos,Book book) {
        books[pos]=book;
    }
}


3.接口标准

定义operation包,在里面定义IOperation
所有的操作都是针对bookList的,因此规范IOperation接口

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

以下是各种操作的类
新增图书:

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("新增图书");
    }
}

查找图书

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("查找图书");
    }
}

删除图书

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("删除图书");
    }
}

显示图书

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class ShowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("显示图书");
    }
}

借阅图书

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借阅图书");
    }
}

归还图书

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("归还图书");
    }
}

退出系统

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("退出系统");
    }
}

以上三部分都还是一块一块的,接下来要整合。

二、整合

在src下定义一个入口Main。实现在Main下运行时程序能够运行起来。

Main

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NomalUser;
import user.User;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static User login(){
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的姓名:");
        String name=sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你的身份:1--管理员,0--普通用户");
        int choice=sc.nextInt();
        if(choice==1){
            return new AdminUser(name);
        }else{
            return new NomalUser(name);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookList bookList=new BookList();
        //最终指向哪个用户
        User user=login();
        while (true) {
            int choice = user.menu();//根据所进入菜单的choice来进行选则功能。
            user.doOperation(choice, bookList);
        }

    }
}

用户的抽象类

package user;

import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;

public abstract class User {
    protected String name;
    public IOperation[] iOperations;//这里没有分配空间

    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }


    public abstract int menu();

    public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList){
        this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
    }
}

普通用户菜单

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NomalUser extends User{
    public NomalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperations=new IOperation[] {//对数组初始化
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()
        };
    }
    public int  menu(){
        System.out.println("普通用户菜单");
        System.out.println("*******************************");
        System.out.println("hello"+this.name+"欢迎来到图书小练习");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3.归还图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("*******************************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice=sc.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

管理员菜单:

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AdminUser extends User{
    public  AdminUser(String name){
        super(name);
        this.iOperations=new IOperation[] {//对数组初始化
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new ShowOperation()
        };
    }
    public int menu(){
        System.out.println("管理员菜单");
        System.out.println("*******************************");
        System.out.println("hello"+this.name+"欢迎来到图书小练习");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.新增图书");
        System.out.println("3.删除图书");
        System.out.println("4.显示图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("*******************************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice=sc.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

三、功能实现

查找图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("查找图书");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要查找的图书姓名:");
        String name=sc.nextLine();
        int currentSize=bookList.getUseSize();
        for(int i=0;i<currentSize;i++){
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                System.out.println("找到这本书了!");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }

        }
        System.out.println("没有你要查找的这本书!");
    }
}

实现其功能要往BookList中写获得getUseSize的方法和能够利用下标返回中此数组中下标的值。

package book;

public class BookList {
    private Book[] booklist=new Book[10];
    //假设能放10本书
    private int useSize;//记录书架上有几本书

    //在构造方法中初始化三本书
    public BookList() {
        booklist[0] = new Book("三国演义", "罗贯中", 23, "小说");
        booklist[1] = new Book("历史", "小华", 43, "报刊");
        booklist[2] = new Book("数学", "莉莉", 29, "课本");
        this.useSize=3;
    }
    public Book getBook(int pos){
        return booklist[pos];
    }
    public int getUseSize() {
        return useSize;
    }

    public void setUseSize(int useSize) {
        this.useSize = useSize;
    }
}

显示图书

与前面的查找功能类似,只是省去了判断是否在这一步,只留下遍历和显示。

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

public class ShowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("显示图书");
        int currentSize=bookList.getUseSize();
        for(int i=0;i<currentSize;i++){
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

退出系统

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("退出系统");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

新增图书

把这本书放到数组最后可以存放的位置。
注意:一定要nextLine在nextInt前,否则不能够输入下面的字符串类型

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("新增图书");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入图书的名字");
        String name=sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入图书的作者");
        String author=sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入图书类型");
        String type= sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入图书价格");
        int price=sc.nextInt();

        Book book=new Book(name,author,price,type) ;
        int currentSize=bookList.getUseSize();
        bookList.setBooks(currentSize,book);
        bookList.setUseSize(currentSize+1);
        System.out.println("新增图书成功!");
    }
}

删除图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("删除图书");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书姓名:");
        String name=sc.nextLine();
        int currentSize=bookList.getUseSize();
        int delIndex=0;
        int i=0;
        for(;i<currentSize;i++){
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
               delIndex=i;
            }

        }
        if(i==currentSize){
            System.out.println("没有你删除的这本书");
        }
        for(int j=delIndex;j<currentSize;j++){
            Book book=bookList.getBook(j+1);
            bookList.setBooks(j,book);
        }
        bookList.setBooks(currentSize-1,null);
        bookList.setUseSize(currentSize-1);
        System.out.println("删除图书成功");
    }

}

借阅图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借阅图书");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要借阅图书姓名:");
        String name=sc.nextLine();
        int currentSize=bookList.getUseSize();
        for(int i=0;i<currentSize;i++){
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                if(book.isBorrowed())
                {
                    System.out.println("该书已经被借出了");
                }else{
                book.setBorrowed(true);
                }
                return;
            }

        }
        System.out.println("没有你要借阅的图书!");
    }
}

归还图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("归还图书");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要归还图书姓名:");
        String name=sc.nextLine();
        int currentSize=bookList.getUseSize();
        int i=0;
        for(;i<currentSize;i++){
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){

                if(book.isBorrowed())
                {
                    book.setBorrowed(false);
                    System.out.println("归还成功!");

                }else{
                    System.out.println("该书已经被归还了!");

                }
                return;

            }

        }
        if(i==currentSize)
        System.out.println("没有你要归还的图书!");
    }
}

总结

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