图书管理系统(java实现)

目录

一、设计背景:

二、构思

具体实现:

三、user包的具体实现

3.1  User类,作为NormalUser和AdminUser的父类,被二者继承,提高了代码的简洁性

3.2   NormalUser类,打印了普通用户的的菜单,同时通过choice,来调用的不同的自定义数组,数组里面的内容不同,所实现的内容也不同

3.3  AdminUser类

四、book包的实现,分为书和书架,Book、BookList。

4.1   Book中定义了书的名称、作者、价格、类型,通过构造方法初始化,同时get和set方法获取被private修饰的参数,重写toString方法显示图书的信息

4.2   BookList(书架),定义一个抽象数组Book[ ] books;用来存放图书并初始化。

五、operation包,增删查改的每一个具体操作,这里我们定义一个大家通用的接口,通过规范接口来实现具体的操作:

5.1  IOperation

定义一个work方法,通过work方法来规范(标准)我们的代码

5.2   增加图书(AddOperation)

5.3 删除图书

5.4  查找图书(FindOperation)

5.5   借阅图书(BorrowOperation)

5.6  归还图书(ReturnOperation)

5.7  显示图书(ShowOperation)

5.8 退出系统(ExitOperation)

六、main,里面包含了各方法之间调用login方法中选择是什么就返回到相对应的类中


一、设计背景:

图书管理系统不仅在大城市还是高校,都是图书馆非常具有实际应用意义的系统。同时,写一个小的系统来复盘自己这段时间的学习成果。在这个系统中,贯穿了全部的java基础,数组,类和对象,继承,多态,接口,封装等知识,组合起来的应用。

二、构思

图书管理系统分为两个模式:

普通用户模式:1.查找图书

                         2.借阅图书

                         3.归还图书

                         0.退出系统

管理员模式:1.查找图书

                      2.增加图书

                      3.删除图书

                      4.显示图书

                      5.退出系统          

这里通过user,book,operation三个不同的包来实现不同的操作,通过Main来调用三个包中的对象,通过对象与对象之间的协作来共同构成我们的系统。

具体实现:

三、user包的具体实现

3.1  User类,作为NormalUser和AdminUser的父类,被二者继承,提高了代码的简洁性

package user;

import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;

public abstract class User {
    protected String name;
    public IOperation[] ioperation;
    public User(String name){
    this.name = name;
}
    public abstract int menu();
    public void doOperation(int choice ,BookList bookList){
        this.ioperation[choice].work(bookList);

    }
}

3.2   NormalUser类,打印了普通用户的的菜单,同时通过choice,来调用的不同的自定义数组,数组里面的内容不同,所实现的内容也不同

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NormalUser extends User{
    public NormalUser(String name){
        super(name);
        this.ioperation = new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()
    };
    }
    public int  menu(){
        System.out.println("普通用户菜单!");
        System.out.println("****************************");
        System.out.println("hello"+this.name +"欢迎来到图书小练习!");
        System.out.println("1.  查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.  借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3.  归还图书");
        System.out.println("0.  退出系统");
        System.out.println("****************************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的选择:");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

3.3  AdminUser类

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AdminUser extends User{
    public AdminUser(String name){
        super(name);
        this.ioperation = new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOPeration(),
                new DelOPeration(),
                new ShowOperation()
        };
    }
    public int menu(){
        System.out.println("管理员用户菜单!");
        System.out.println("****************************");
        System.out.println("hello"+this.name +"欢迎来到图书小练习!");
        System.out.println("1.  查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.  增加图书");
        System.out.println("3.  删除图书");
        System.out.println("4.  显示图书");
        System.out.println("0.  退出系统");
        System.out.println("****************************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的选择:");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

四、book包的实现,分为书和书架,Book、BookList。

4.1   Book中定义了书的名称、作者、价格、类型,通过构造方法初始化,同时get和set方法获取被private修饰的参数,重写toString方法显示图书的信息

package book;

public class Book {
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private int price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed;

    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +'\\'+
                ((isBorrowed == true)?"已经被借出":"未借出" )+
                '}';
    }

}

4.2   BookList(书架),定义一个抽象数组Book[ ] books;用来存放图书并初始化。

package book;

public class BookList {
    private Book[] books = new Book[10];
    private int userSize;//记录当前书架上放了几本书
    public BookList(){
        books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",46,"小说");//抽象数组初始化
        books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",29,"小说");
        books[2] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",8,"小说");
        this.userSize = 3;
    }
    public Book getBook(int pos){
        return books[pos];
    }

    public int getUserSize() {
        return userSize;
    }

    public void setUserSize(int userSize) {
        this.userSize = userSize;
    }
    public void setBooks(int pos,Book book){
        books[pos] = book;
    }

}

五、operation包,增删查改的每一个具体操作,这里我们定义一个大家通用的接口,通过规范接口来实现具体的操作:

5.1  IOperation

定义一个work方法,通过work方法来规范(标准)我们的代码

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

5.2   增加图书(AddOperation)

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddOPeration implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("新增图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入图书的名称:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入图书的作者:");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入图书的类型:");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入图书的价格:");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();
        Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);
        int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
        bookList.setBooks(currentSize,book);
        bookList.setUserSize(currentSize+1);
        System.out.println("新增图书成功!!");
    }
}

5.3 删除图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DelOPeration implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("删除图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要删除的图书的名称:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
        int del = -1;
        int i = 0;
        for (; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                del = currentSize;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (i == currentSize){
        System.out.println("没有你要删除的图书!!");
        return;
    }
        for (int j = del;j<currentSize-1;j++){
            //[j] = [j+1];
            Book book = bookList.getBook(j+1);
            bookList.setBooks(j,book);
        }
        bookList.setBooks(currentSize-1,null);
        bookList.setUserSize(currentSize-1);
    }
}

5.4  查找图书(FindOperation)

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList){
        System.out.println("查找图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要查找的图书的名称:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                System.out.println("找到这本书了!");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没找到!");
    }
}

5.5   借阅图书(BorrowOperation)

进行数组遍历,比较书架上图书的名称,如果有相同的就借阅成功(equals()方法)

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList){
        System.out.println("借阅图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要借阅的图书的名称:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                if(book.isBorrowed()==false){
                    System.out.println("借书成功!!");
                }
                book.setBorrowed(true);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("已经被借出!!!");
    }
    }

5.6  归还图书(ReturnOperation)

归还图书就是你归还的书名和书架上的书利用equals()方法进行比较,相同就归还成功

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList){
        System.out.println("归还图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要归还的图书的名称:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                book.setBorrowed(false);
                System.out.println("归还成功!!");
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有你要归还的图书!!!");
    }
    }

5.7  显示图书(ShowOperation)

通过循环进行抽象数组遍历

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

public class ShowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList){
        System.out.println("显示图书!");
        int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

5.8 退出系统(ExitOperation)

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public class ExitOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList){
        System.out.println("退出系统!");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

六、main,里面包含了各方法之间调用login方法中选择是什么就返回到相对应的类中

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static User login(){
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的姓名:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请选择:0》普通用户,1》管理员用户");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        if(choice == 0){
            return new NormalUser(name);
        }else{
            return new AdminUser(name);
        }

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookList bookList = new BookList();
        //这里login返回的是什么,就调用哪个的菜单
        User user = login();
        while(true) {

            //这里根据返回值来确定,具体的操作
            int choice = user.menu();
            user.doOperation(choice, bookList);
        }
    }
}

七、成果展示

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