目录
3.1 User类,作为NormalUser和AdminUser的父类,被二者继承,提高了代码的简洁性
3.2 NormalUser类,打印了普通用户的的菜单,同时通过choice,来调用的不同的自定义数组,数组里面的内容不同,所实现的内容也不同
四、book包的实现,分为书和书架,Book、BookList。
4.1 Book中定义了书的名称、作者、价格、类型,通过构造方法初始化,同时get和set方法获取被private修饰的参数,重写toString方法显示图书的信息
4.2 BookList(书架),定义一个抽象数组Book[ ] books;用来存放图书并初始化。
五、operation包,增删查改的每一个具体操作,这里我们定义一个大家通用的接口,通过规范接口来实现具体的操作:
定义一个work方法,通过work方法来规范(标准)我们的代码
六、main,里面包含了各方法之间调用login方法中选择是什么就返回到相对应的类中
一、设计背景:
图书管理系统不仅在大城市还是高校,都是图书馆非常具有实际应用意义的系统。同时,写一个小的系统来复盘自己这段时间的学习成果。在这个系统中,贯穿了全部的java基础,数组,类和对象,继承,多态,接口,封装等知识,组合起来的应用。
二、构思
图书管理系统分为两个模式:
普通用户模式:1.查找图书
2.借阅图书
3.归还图书
0.退出系统
管理员模式:1.查找图书
2.增加图书
3.删除图书
4.显示图书
5.退出系统
这里通过user,book,operation三个不同的包来实现不同的操作,通过Main来调用三个包中的对象,通过对象与对象之间的协作来共同构成我们的系统。
具体实现:
三、user包的具体实现
3.1 User类,作为NormalUser和AdminUser的父类,被二者继承,提高了代码的简洁性
package user;
import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
public IOperation[] ioperation;
public User(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void doOperation(int choice ,BookList bookList){
this.ioperation[choice].work(bookList);
}
}
3.2 NormalUser类,打印了普通用户的的菜单,同时通过choice,来调用的不同的自定义数组,数组里面的内容不同,所实现的内容也不同
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User{
public NormalUser(String name){
super(name);
this.ioperation = new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation()
};
}
public int menu(){
System.out.println("普通用户菜单!");
System.out.println("****************************");
System.out.println("hello"+this.name +"欢迎来到图书小练习!");
System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
System.out.println("2. 借阅图书");
System.out.println("3. 归还图书");
System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
System.out.println("****************************");
System.out.println("请输入你的选择:");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
3.3 AdminUser类
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AdminUser extends User{
public AdminUser(String name){
super(name);
this.ioperation = new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new AddOPeration(),
new DelOPeration(),
new ShowOperation()
};
}
public int menu(){
System.out.println("管理员用户菜单!");
System.out.println("****************************");
System.out.println("hello"+this.name +"欢迎来到图书小练习!");
System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
System.out.println("2. 增加图书");
System.out.println("3. 删除图书");
System.out.println("4. 显示图书");
System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
System.out.println("****************************");
System.out.println("请输入你的选择:");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
四、book包的实现,分为书和书架,Book、BookList。
4.1 Book中定义了书的名称、作者、价格、类型,通过构造方法初始化,同时get和set方法获取被private修饰的参数,重写toString方法显示图书的信息
package book;
public class Book {
private String name;
private String author;
private int price;
private String type;
private boolean isBorrowed;
public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isBorrowed() {
return isBorrowed;
}
public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
isBorrowed = borrowed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +'\\'+
((isBorrowed == true)?"已经被借出":"未借出" )+
'}';
}
}
4.2 BookList(书架),定义一个抽象数组Book[ ] books;用来存放图书并初始化。
package book;
public class BookList {
private Book[] books = new Book[10];
private int userSize;//记录当前书架上放了几本书
public BookList(){
books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",46,"小说");//抽象数组初始化
books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",29,"小说");
books[2] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",8,"小说");
this.userSize = 3;
}
public Book getBook(int pos){
return books[pos];
}
public int getUserSize() {
return userSize;
}
public void setUserSize(int userSize) {
this.userSize = userSize;
}
public void setBooks(int pos,Book book){
books[pos] = book;
}
}
五、operation包,增删查改的每一个具体操作,这里我们定义一个大家通用的接口,通过规范接口来实现具体的操作:
5.1 IOperation
定义一个work方法,通过work方法来规范(标准)我们的代码
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public interface IOperation {
void work(BookList bookList);
}
5.2 增加图书(AddOperation)
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOPeration implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("新增图书!");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入图书的名称:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的作者:");
String author = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的类型:");
String type = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的价格:");
int price = scanner.nextInt();
Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);
int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
bookList.setBooks(currentSize,book);
bookList.setUserSize(currentSize+1);
System.out.println("新增图书成功!!");
}
}
5.3 删除图书
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOPeration implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("删除图书!");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入要删除的图书的名称:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
int del = -1;
int i = 0;
for (; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if(book.getName().equals(name)){
del = currentSize;
break;
}
}
if (i == currentSize){
System.out.println("没有你要删除的图书!!");
return;
}
for (int j = del;j<currentSize-1;j++){
//[j] = [j+1];
Book book = bookList.getBook(j+1);
bookList.setBooks(j,book);
}
bookList.setBooks(currentSize-1,null);
bookList.setUserSize(currentSize-1);
}
}
5.4 查找图书(FindOperation)
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("查找图书!");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入要查找的图书的名称:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if(book.getName().equals(name)){
System.out.println("找到这本书了!");
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没找到!");
}
}
5.5 借阅图书(BorrowOperation)
进行数组遍历,比较书架上图书的名称,如果有相同的就借阅成功(equals()方法)
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("借阅图书!");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入要借阅的图书的名称:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if(book.getName().equals(name)){
if(book.isBorrowed()==false){
System.out.println("借书成功!!");
}
book.setBorrowed(true);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("已经被借出!!!");
}
}
5.6 归还图书(ReturnOperation)
归还图书就是你归还的书名和书架上的书利用equals()方法进行比较,相同就归还成功
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("归还图书!");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入要归还的图书的名称:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if(book.getName().equals(name)){
book.setBorrowed(false);
System.out.println("归还成功!!");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有你要归还的图书!!!");
}
}
5.7 显示图书(ShowOperation)
通过循环进行抽象数组遍历
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class ShowOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("显示图书!");
int currentSize = bookList.getUserSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
System.out.println(book);
}
}
}
5.8 退出系统(ExitOperation)
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList){
System.out.println("退出系统!");
System.exit(0);
}
}
六、main,里面包含了各方法之间调用login方法中选择是什么就返回到相对应的类中
import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static User login(){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请选择:0》普通用户,1》管理员用户");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
if(choice == 0){
return new NormalUser(name);
}else{
return new AdminUser(name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList = new BookList();
//这里login返回的是什么,就调用哪个的菜单
User user = login();
while(true) {
//这里根据返回值来确定,具体的操作
int choice = user.menu();
user.doOperation(choice, bookList);
}
}
}