Lock是用于控制多线程访问共享资源的同步机制,Lock接口提供了对锁的操作,包括公平锁与非公平锁。
ReentrantLock(可重入锁)是Lock的一个实现类,它提供了可重入的互斥锁。
ReentrantLock 可以通过构造函数中传入参数来指定锁的实现类型,默认是非公平锁。
以下是 ReentrantLock 创建公平锁和非公平锁示例代码:
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class FairNonfairLock {
// 公平锁
private static Lock fairLock = new ReentrantLock(true);
// 非公平锁
private static Lock unFairLock = new ReentrantLock(false);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 公平锁
Thread fairThread1 = new Thread(new Task(fairLock),"fairThread1");
Thread fairThread2 = new Thread(new Task(fairLock),"fairThread2");
// 非公平锁
Thread unFairThread1 = new Thread(new Task(unFairLock),"unFairThread1");
Thread unFairThread2 = new Thread(new Task(unFairLock),"unFairThread2");
// 启动线程
fairThread1.start();
fairThread2.start();
unFairThread1.start();
unFairThread2.start();
}
static class Task implements Runnable {
private Lock lock;
public Task(Lock lock) {
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// 请求锁
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is trying to acquire the lock.");
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " has acquired the lock.");
// 执行需要同步的代码块
} finally {
lock.unlock();
// 释放锁
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " has released the lock.");
}
}
}
}
上述代码,运行结果如下图:
在上述示例中,我们创建了两个使用公平锁的线程(fairThread1和fairThread2),以及两个使用非公平锁的线程(unFairThread1和unFairThread2)。每个线程都尝试获取锁资源,并在获取到锁后执行同步的代码块,最后释放锁资源。
可以观察到,公平锁的线程按照先到先得的原则获取锁资源,而非公平锁的线程可能会插队获取锁资源。