Lucene全文检索
Lucene 是一个基于 Java 的全文信息检索工具包，目前主流的搜索系统 Elasticsearch 和 solr 都是基于 lucene 的索引和搜索能力进行。
Solr与Lucene的区别:
Solr和Lucene的本质区别三点：搜索服务器，企业级和管理。
Lucene本质上是搜索库，不是独立的应用程序，而Solr是。
Lucene专注于搜索底层的建设，而Solr专注与企业应用。
Lucene不负责支撑搜索服务所必须的管理，而Slor负责
所以说，一句话概括solr是Lucene面向企业搜索应用的扩展,如果Lucene数据量超过10万就会有点力不从心了
ES:
ES是对apache lucene的封装。
ES是elasticSearch的缩写，它是一个实时的分布式的查询和分析引擎。它是基于apache lucene开发的。
2:ES的目标是让全文搜索变得简单
3：ES可以支持横向的扩展，支持pb级别的结构和非机构化的数据处理。
4:使用ES可以以前所未有的速度来处理大数据。
今天的主题是Lucene：
Lucene生成索引：
package com.zking.test.lucene;
/**
* 生成索引测试
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 索引文件将要存放的位置
String indexDir = "E:\\temp\\test\\lucene\\demo1";
// 数据源地址
String dataDir = "E:\\temp\\test\\lucene\\demo1\\data";
IndexCreate ic = null;
try {
ic = new IndexCreate(indexDir);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
int num = ic.index(dataDir);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("检索指定路径下"+num+"个文件，一共花费了"+(end-start)+"毫秒");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
ic.closeIndexWriter();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
配合Demo1的实现:
package com.zking.test.lucene;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
/**
* 配合Demo1.java进行lucene的helloword实现
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class IndexCreate {
private IndexWriter indexWriter;
/**
* 1、构造方法 实例化IndexWriter
* @param indexDir 索引文件存放的地址
* @throws Exception
*/
public IndexCreate(String indexDir) throws Exception{
// 获取索引文件的存放地址对象
FSDirectory dir = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexDir));
// 标准分词器（针对英文）
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
// 索引输出流配置对象
IndexWriterConfig conf = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
indexWriter = new IndexWriter(dir, conf);
}
/**
* 2、关闭索引输出流
* @throws Exception
*/
public void closeIndexWriter() throws Exception{
indexWriter.close();
}
/**
* 3、索引指定路径下的所有文件
* @param dataDir 数据源
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public int index(String dataDir) throws Exception{
File[] files = new File(dataDir).listFiles();
for (File file : files) {
indexFile(file);
}
return indexWriter.numDocs();
}
/**
* 4、索引指定的文件
* @param file
* @throws Exception
*/
private void indexFile(File file) throws Exception{
System.out.println("被索引文件的全路径："+file.getCanonicalPath());
Document doc = getDocument(file);
indexWriter.addDocument(doc);
}
/**
* 5、获取文档（索引文件中包含的重要信息，key-value的形式）
* @param file
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private Document getDocument(File file) throws Exception{
Document doc = new Document();
doc.add(new TextField("contents", new FileReader(file)));
// Field.Store.YES是否存储到硬盘
doc.add(new TextField("fullPath", file.getCanonicalPath(),Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new TextField("fileName", file.getName(),Field.Store.YES));
return doc;
}
}
Lucene查询索引：
package com.zking.test.lucene;
/**
* 查询索引测试
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class Demo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String indexDir = "E:\\temp\\test\\lucene\\demo1";
String q = "EarlyTerminating-Collector";
try {
IndexUse.search(indexDir, q);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
配合Demo2的实现:
package com.zking.test.lucene;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
/**
* 配合Demo2.java进行lucene的helloword实现
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class IndexUse {
/**
* 通过关键字在索引目录中查询
* @param indexDir 索引文件所在目录
* @param q 关键字
*/
public static void search(String indexDir, String q) throws Exception{
FSDirectory indexDirectory = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexDir));
// 注意:索引输入流不是new出来的，是通过目录读取工具类打开的
IndexReader indexReader = DirectoryReader.open(indexDirectory);
// 获取索引搜索对象
IndexSearcher indexSearcher = new IndexSearcher(indexReader);
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
QueryParser queryParser = new QueryParser("contents", analyzer);
// 获取符合关键字的查询对象
Query query = queryParser.parse(q);
long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
// 获取关键字出现的前十次
TopDocs topDocs = indexSearcher.search(query , 10);
long end=System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("匹配 "+q+" ，总共花费"+(end-start)+"毫秒"+"查询到"+topDocs.totalHits+"个记录");
for (ScoreDoc scoreDoc : topDocs.scoreDocs) {
int docID = scoreDoc.doc;
// 索引搜索对象通过文档下标获取文档
Document doc = indexSearcher.doc(docID);
System.out.println("通过索引文件："+doc.get("fullPath")+"拿数据");
}
indexReader.close();
}
}
对索引的增删改：
package com.zking.test.lucene;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.StringField;
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* 构建索引
* 对索引的增删改
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class Demo3 {
private String ids[]={"1","2","3"};
private String citys[]={"qingdao","nanjing","shanghai"};
private String descs[]={
"Qingdao is a beautiful city.",
"Nanjing is a city of culture.",
"Shanghai is a bustling city."
};
private FSDirectory dir;
/**
* 每次都生成索引文件
* @throws Exception
*/
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
dir = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get("E:\\temp\\test\\lucene\\demo2\\indexDir"));
IndexWriter indexWriter = getIndexWriter();
for (int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
Document doc = new Document();
doc.add(new StringField("id", ids[i], Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new StringField("city", citys[i], Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new TextField("desc", descs[i], Field.Store.NO));
indexWriter.addDocument(doc);
}
indexWriter.close();
}
/**
* 获取索引输出流
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private IndexWriter getIndexWriter() throws Exception{
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
IndexWriterConfig conf = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
return new IndexWriter(dir, conf );
}
/**
* 测试写了几个索引文件
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void getWriteDocNum() throws Exception {
IndexWriter indexWriter = getIndexWriter();
System.out.println("索引目录下生成"+indexWriter.numDocs()+"个索引文件");
}
/**
* 打上标记，该索引实际并未删除
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void deleteDocBeforeMerge() throws Exception {
IndexWriter indexWriter = getIndexWriter();
System.out.println("最大文档数："+indexWriter.maxDoc());
indexWriter.deleteDocuments(new Term("id", "1"));
indexWriter.commit();
System.out.println("最大文档数："+indexWriter.maxDoc());
System.out.println("实际文档数："+indexWriter.numDocs());
indexWriter.close();
}
/**
* 对应索引文件已经删除,但是该版本的分词会保留
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void deleteDocAfterMerge() throws Exception {
// https://blog.csdn.net/asdfsadfasdfsa/article/details/78820030
// org.apache.lucene.store.LockObtainFailedException: Lock held by this virtual machine:indexWriter是单例的、线程安全的，不允许打开多个。
IndexWriter indexWriter = getIndexWriter();
System.out.println("最大文档数："+indexWriter.maxDoc());
indexWriter.deleteDocuments(new Term("id", "1"));
indexWriter.forceMergeDeletes(); //强制删除
indexWriter.commit();
System.out.println("最大文档数："+indexWriter.maxDoc());
System.out.println("实际文档数："+indexWriter.numDocs());
indexWriter.close();
}
/**
* 测试更新索引
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testUpdate()throws Exception{
IndexWriter writer=getIndexWriter();
Document doc=new Document();
doc.add(new StringField("id", "1", Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new StringField("city","qingdao",Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new TextField("desc", "dsss is a city.", Field.Store.NO));
writer.updateDocument(new Term("id","1"), doc);
writer.close();
}
}
文档域加权：
package com.zking.test.lucene;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.StringField;
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TermQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* 文档域加权
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class Demo4 {
private String ids[]={"1","2","3","4"};
private String authors[]={"Jack","Marry","John","Json"};
private String positions[]={"accounting","technician","salesperson","boss"};
private String titles[]={"Java is a good language.","Java is a cross platform language","Java powerful","You should learn java"};
private String contents[]={
"If possible, use the same JRE major version at both index and search time.",
"When upgrading to a different JRE major version, consider re-indexing. ",
"Different JRE major versions may implement different versions of Unicode,",
"For example: with Java 1.4, `LetterTokenizer` will split around the character U+02C6,"
};
private Directory dir;//索引文件目录
@Before
public void setUp()throws Exception {
dir = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get("E:\\temp\\test\\lucene\\demo3\\indexDir"));
IndexWriter writer = getIndexWriter();
for (int i = 0; i < authors.length; i++) {
Document doc = new Document();
doc.add(new StringField("id", ids[i], Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new StringField("author", authors[i], Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new StringField("position", positions[i], Field.Store.YES));
TextField textField = new TextField("title", titles[i], Field.Store.YES);
// Json投钱做广告，把排名刷到第一了
if("boss".equals(positions[i])) {
textField.setBoost(2f);//设置权重，默认为1
}
doc.add(textField);
// TextField会分词，StringField不会分词
doc.add(new TextField("content", contents[i], Field.Store.NO));
writer.addDocument(doc);
}
writer.close();
}
private IndexWriter getIndexWriter() throws Exception{
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
IndexWriterConfig conf = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
return new IndexWriter(dir, conf);
}
@Test
public void index() throws Exception{
IndexReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(dir);
IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(reader);
String fieldName = "title";
String keyWord = "java";
Term t = new Term(fieldName, keyWord);
Query query = new TermQuery(t);
TopDocs hits = searcher.search(query, 10);
System.out.println("关键字：‘"+keyWord+"’命中了"+hits.totalHits+"次");
for (ScoreDoc scoreDoc : hits.scoreDocs) {
Document doc = searcher.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("author"));
}
}
}
特定项搜索和查询表达式（queryParser）:
package com.zking.test.lucene;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.ParseException;
import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.NumericRangeQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TermQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* 特定项搜索
* 查询表达式（queryParser）
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class Demo5 {
@Before
public void setUp() {
// 索引文件将要存放的位置
String indexDir = "E:\\temp\\test\\lucene\\demo4";
// 数据源地址
String dataDir = "E:\\temp\\test\\lucene\\demo4\\data";
IndexCreate ic = null;
try {
ic = new IndexCreate(indexDir);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
int num = ic.index(dataDir);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("检索指定路径下" + num + "个文件，一共花费了" + (end - start) + "毫秒");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
ic.closeIndexWriter();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 特定项搜索
*/
@Test
public void testTermQuery() {
String indexDir = "E:\\temp\\test\\lucene\\demo4";
String fld = "contents";
String text = "indexformattoooldexception";
// 特定项片段名和关键字
Term t = new Term(fld , text);
TermQuery tq = new TermQuery(t );
try {
FSDirectory indexDirectory = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexDir));
// 注意:索引输入流不是new出来的，是通过目录读取工具类打开的
IndexReader indexReader = DirectoryReader.open(indexDirectory);
// 获取索引搜索对象
IndexSearcher is = new IndexSearcher(indexReader);
TopDocs hits = is.search(tq, 100);
// System.out.println(hits.totalHits);
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc: hits.scoreDocs) {
Document doc = is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println("文件"+doc.get("fullPath")+"中含有该关键字");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 查询表达式（queryParser）
*/
@Test
public void testQueryParser() {
String indexDir = "E:\\temp\\test\\lucene\\demo4";
// 获取查询解析器（通过哪种分词器去解析哪种片段）
QueryParser queryParser = new QueryParser("contents", new StandardAnalyzer());
try {
FSDirectory indexDirectory = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexDir));
// 注意:索引输入流不是new出来的，是通过目录读取工具类打开的
IndexReader indexReader = DirectoryReader.open(indexDirectory);
// 获取索引搜索对象
IndexSearcher is = new IndexSearcher(indexReader);
// 由解析器去解析对应的关键字
TopDocs hits = is.search(queryParser.parse("indexformattoooldexception") , 100);
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc: hits.scoreDocs) {
Document doc = is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println("文件"+doc.get("fullPath")+"中含有该关键字");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParseException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
指定数字范围查询和指定字符串开头字母查询（prefixQuery）:
package com.zking.test.lucene;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.IntField;
import org.apache.lucene.document.StringField;
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.search.BooleanClause;
import org.apache.lucene.search.BooleanQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.NumericRangeQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.PrefixQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* 指定数字范围查询
* 指定字符串开头字母查询（prefixQuery）
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class Demo6 {
private int ids[]={1,2,3};
private String citys[]={"qingdao","nanjing","shanghai"};
private String descs[]={
"Qingdao is a beautiful city.",
"Nanjing is a city of culture.",
"Shanghai is a bustling city."
};
private FSDirectory dir;
/**
* 每次都生成索引文件
* @throws Exception
*/
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
dir = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get("E:\\temp\\test\\lucene\\demo2\\indexDir"));
IndexWriter indexWriter = getIndexWriter();
for (int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
Document doc = new Document();
doc.add(new IntField("id", ids[i], Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new StringField("city", citys[i], Field.Store.YES));
doc.add(new TextField("desc", descs[i], Field.Store.NO));
indexWriter.addDocument(doc);
}
indexWriter.close();
}
/**
* 获取索引输出流
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private IndexWriter getIndexWriter() throws Exception{
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
IndexWriterConfig conf = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
return new IndexWriter(dir, conf );
}
/**
* 指定数字范围查询
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testNumericRangeQuery()throws Exception{
IndexReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(dir);
IndexSearcher is = new IndexSearcher(reader);
NumericRangeQuery<Integer> query=NumericRangeQuery.newIntRange("id", 1, 2, true, true);
TopDocs hits=is.search(query, 10);
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
Document doc=is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
}
}
/**
* 指定字符串开头字母查询（prefixQuery）
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testPrefixQuery()throws Exception{
IndexReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(dir);
IndexSearcher is = new IndexSearcher(reader);
PrefixQuery query=new PrefixQuery(new Term("city","n"));
TopDocs hits=is.search(query, 10);
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
Document doc=is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
}
}
@Test
public void testBooleanQuery()throws Exception{
IndexReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(dir);
IndexSearcher is = new IndexSearcher(reader);
NumericRangeQuery<Integer> query1=NumericRangeQuery.newIntRange("id", 1, 2, true, true);
PrefixQuery query2=new PrefixQuery(new Term("city","s"));
BooleanQuery.Builder booleanQuery=new BooleanQuery.Builder();
booleanQuery.add(query1,BooleanClause.Occur.MUST);
booleanQuery.add(query2,BooleanClause.Occur.MUST);
TopDocs hits=is.search(booleanQuery.build(), 10);
for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
Document doc=is.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
}
}
}
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