Nextcloud+nginx部署

邱嘉樂

已于 2024-09-03 16:31:23 修改

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文章标签： nginx

于 2024-09-02 00:44:49 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_63787880/article/details/141787594

版权

前置步骤

涉及的前置步骤：Nginx安装、域名购买、DNS的设置、SSL获取、mysql安装
系统：Ubuntu22
文章编写日期为 2024/08/25，nextcloud 的最新版本为：29.0.5
硬件配置：

依赖安装

执行以下语句安装php-fpm相关依赖：

sudo apt-get install php-fpm php-curl -y
sudo apt-get install php-sqlite3 php-zip php-xml php-mbstring php-gd php php-mysql -y
sudo apt-get install php-gmp php-bcmath php-intl php-imagick -y

nextcloud下载

下载nextcloud最新版本：(2024/8/31 的最新版用webinstaller 时有ERROR: Failed to open stream: No such file or directory at /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/Config.php#221)

wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.zip

或下载指定版本(https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/)：

wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-29.0.4.zip

解压缩并更改文件权限：

sudo unzip nextcloud-29.0.4.zip -d /var/www/
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/

解压缩后要更改俩个文档(路径自己更改)：

sudo nano /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

必须更改： listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen的地址需与 nextcloud.conf 的 server 127.0.0.1:9000一致否则网页会报502

取消以下语句的注释
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

sudo nano /etc/php/8.1/fpm/php.ini

该文件要更改的部分如下：
upload_max_filesize = 8192M
memory_limit = 1024M
（这部分可以在安装后在更改）

sudo nano /etc/php/8.1/mods-available/opcache.ini

该文件可在安装后更改
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.revalidate_freq=1
opcache.save_comments=1
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.blacklist_filename=/etc/php.d/opcache*.blacklist

更改完文件后重启php:

sudo systemctl restart php8.1-fpm.service

设置服务器的维护事件（非必要）：

sudo nano /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php

在末尾加入（https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/29/admin_manual/configuration_server/background_jobs_configuration.html）：

'maintenance_window_start' => 1,

设定了维护时间在 01:00am UTC to 05:00am UTC

Nginx设置

根据官网(https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html#nginx-php-handler-tips)提供的代码编写nextcloud.conf:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/nextcloud.conf

粘贴以下代码，并更改：

upstream php-handler {
    server 127.0.0.1:9000;
    #server unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
}

# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
    "" "";
    default ", immutable";
}

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name cloud.example.com;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens off;

    # Enforce HTTPS
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443      ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name cloud.example.com;

    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /var/www/nextcloud;

    # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
    # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
    ssl_certificate     /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens off;

    # HSTS settings
    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

    # set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    client_body_timeout 300s;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
    # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
    #pagespeed off;

    # The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwidth.
    # See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/
    # for tuning hints
    client_body_buffer_size 512k;

    # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
    add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
    add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection                  "1; mode=block"     always;

    # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
    fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

    # Set .mjs and .wasm MIME types
    # Either include it in the default mime.types list
    # and include that list explicitly or add the file extension
    # only for Nextcloud like below:
    include mime.types;
    types {
        text/javascript mjs;
	application/wasm wasm;
    }

    # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
    # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
    # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
    # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
    # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
    # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
    # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
    # `/updater`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
    # `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
    # always provides the desired behaviour.
    index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
    location = / {
        if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
            return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
        }
    }

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
    # access it despite the existence of the regex rule
    # `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
    # for `/.well-known`.
    location ^~ /.well-known {
        # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
        # in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.

        location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
        location = /.well-known/caldav  { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }

        location /.well-known/acme-challenge    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
        location /.well-known/pki-validation    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

        # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
        # requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
        return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
    }

    # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                { return 404; }

    # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
    # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
    # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
    # to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
    location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
        # Required for legacy support
        rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|ocs-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode(_arm64)?\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;

        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;

        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;

        fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
    }

    # Serve static files
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|ico|jpg|png|webp|wasm|tflite|map|ogg|flac)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
        add_header Cache-Control                     "public, max-age=15778463$asset_immutable";
        add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
        add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection                  "1; mode=block"     always;
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    location ~ \.woff2?$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
    location /remote {
        return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
    }
}

其中要更改的有：
1.server_name cloud.example.com;
改为自己的域名
2.root /var/www/nextcloud;
路径改为自己nextcloud的解压缩地址
3.ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;
路径改为自己ssl证书的路径

然后重启nginx服务：

sudo systemctl restart nginx

配置数据库

CREATE USER 'nextcloud'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
create database nextcloud;
grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to 'nextcloud'@'localhost' identified by 'password';
flush privileges;

网页安装

访问你的域名,如无意外看到以下界面：
在这里插入图片描述
填入账户密码和数据库的相关信息。
然后点击安装，安装后界面如下：

挂载外置硬盘

1.安装外置存储插件在这里插入图片描述
2.查看外置设备路径和类型

#lsblk -f
#blkid
sudo fdisk -l

在这里插入图片描述
3.直接挂载或写到fstab内：

sudo nano /etc/fstab

在文件末尾写入相关信息【设备路径挂载路径类型后面的默认】
在这里插入图片描述
4.使修改生效

mount -a

4.安装smb(不一定需要)

sudo apt-get install smbclient libsmbclient-dev

5.设置外部存储
在这里插入图片描述
6.配置外部磁盘

配置一栏填设备的挂载路径

参考

https://wxx.olzl.net/21a03m33
https://blog.csdn.net/rockage/article/details/99216552
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2067451

邱嘉樂

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