目录
一.一维数组
1.定义数组的三种方式
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5};
int[] array2= new int[]{1,2,3,4,5};
int[] array3= new int [5];
array是一个引用变量,创建在栈上,存放的是堆上的一个地址
如果没有初始化,默认值是0
boolean类型的默认值是false
2.遍历数组的三种方法
1.下标遍历
public class TestDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5};
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
System.out.print(array[i]+" ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
2.for each 遍历(加强for循环)
public class TestDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5};
for (int x:array){
System.out.print(x+" ");
}
}
}
3.Array.toString遍历(需要导包,输出自动补中括号)
public class TestDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5};
String ret = Arrays.toString(array);
System.out.println(ret);
}
}
三种输出结果
3.数组是引用类型
1.引用指向(引用)一个对象的内存分布
4.array1=array2
其意思就是把array2的值赋给array1,因为array2的值是其指向的地址,所以array1现在的值变成了array2所指向的地址,则array1与array2共同指向这一块地址。
当没有人引用array1这个对象时,其就会被JVM的垃圾回收器回收了。
5.思考题
下面这段代码会输出什么??
public class TestDemo {
public static void fuc1(int[]array){
array = new int[]{1,2,3};
}
public static void fuc2(int[]array){
array[0]=99;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array={5,6,7};
fuc1(array);
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
System.out.print(array[i]+" ");
}
System.out.println();
fuc2(array);
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
System.out.print(array[i]+" ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
6.数组作为返回值
public class TestDemo {
public static int[] test(){
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
return array;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] ret = test();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ret));
}
}
虽然test3的栈帧销毁了,但此时tmp引用的对象不被销毁,因为ret对他引用了,只要对象有被引用,就不会被销毁。
7.实现数组转字符串函数
public static String my_toString(int[] array){
String ret = "[";
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
ret +=array[i];
if(i==array.length - 1)
break;
ret +=",";
}
ret+="]";
return ret;
}
8.数组拷贝的三种方式
1.for
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
int[] copy = new int[array.length];
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
copy[i] = array[i];
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(copy));
}
2.copyOf
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
int[] copy = Arrays.copyOf(array,6);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(copy));
}
3.copyOfRange
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
int[] copy = Arrays.copyOfRange(array,0,6);//左闭右开
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(copy));
}
4.arraycopy
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
int[] copy = new int[5];
System.arraycopy(array,0,copy,0,5);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(copy));
}
这五个参数的含义
a.你要拷贝的数组
b.你要从这个数组的那个下标开始拷贝
c.你要拷贝到哪个数组
d.你要拷贝这个数组到哪个位置开始
e.你要拷贝多大
5.clone
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
int[] copy = array.clone();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(copy));
}
9.二分查找
public static int binarySearch(int[] array,int key){
int left = 0;
int right = array.length - 1;
while (left <= right){
int mid = (left + right)/2;
if (array[mid] == key){
return mid;
}else if(array[mid]>key){
right = mid - 1;
}else {
left = mid + 1;
}
}
return -1;
}
10.冒泡排序
public static void bubbleSort(int[] array){
boolean flag = true;
for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < array.length - 1 - i; j++) {
if (array[j] > array[j + 1]) {
int tmp = array[j];
array[j] = array[j + 1];
array[j + 1] = tmp;
flag = false;
}
}
}
if(flag){
return;
}
}
二.二维数组
1.二维数组的创建
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] array1 = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6}};
int[][] array2 = new int[][]{{1,2,3},{4,5,6}};
int[][] array3 = new int[2][3];
}
2.打印二维数组的三种方式
1.for
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] array = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6}};
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < array[i].length; j++) {
System.out.println(array[i][j]+" ");
}
}
}
2.for each
for(int[]tmp:array){
for(int x:tmp){
System.out.println(x+" ");
}
}
3.deepToString
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(array));
3.不规则数组
public static int[] test(){
int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
return array;
}