C Primer Plus学习字符串和字符串函数（11）

1.利用strcpy()函数拷贝字符串来输出所有以q开头的单词：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h> //strcpy()的原型应该在头文件中
#define SIZE 40
#define LIM 5
char * s_gets(char * st, int n);
int main(void)
{
	char qwords[LIM][SIZE];
	char temp[SIZE];
	int i = 0;
	printf("Enter %d words beginning with q:\n", LIM);
	while (i < LIM && s_gets(temp, SIZE))
	{
		if (temp[0] != 'q')
		printf("%s doesn't begin with q!\n", temp);
		else
		{
			strcpy(qwords[i], temp);
			i++;
		}
	}
	puts("Here are the words accepted:");
	for (i = 0; i < LIM; i++)
	puts(qwords[i]);
	return 0;
}
char * s_gets(char * st, int n)
{
	char * ret_val;
	int i = 0;
	ret_val = fgets(st, n, stdin);;
	if (ret_val)
	{
		while (st[i] != '\n' && st[i] != '\0')
		i++;
		if (st[i] == '\n')
		st[i] = '\0';
		else
		while (getchar() != '\n')
		continue;
	}
	return ret_val;
}

运行结果如下：

2.利用strcpy()函数第一个参数不必指向数组开始的性质拷贝部分字符串：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define WORDS "beast"
#define SIZE 40
int main(void)
{
	const char * orig = WORDS;
	char copy[SIZE] = "Be the best that you can be.";
	char * ps;
	puts(orig);
	puts(copy);
	ps =strcpy(copy + 7, orig);
	puts(copy);
	puts(ps);
	return 0;
}

运行结果如下：

3.利用strncpy()函数拷贝指定最大字符数：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h> //提供strncpy()函数原型
#define SIZE 40
#define TARGSIZE 7
#define LIM 5
char * s_gets(char * st, int n);
int main(void)
{
	char qwords[LIM][TARGSIZE];
	char temp[SIZE];
	int i = 0;
	printf("Enter %d words beginning with q:\n", LIM);
	while (i < LIM && s_gets(temp, SIZE))
	{
		if (temp[0] != 'q')
		printf("%s doesn't begin with q!\n", temp);
		else
		{
			strncpy(qwords[i], temp, TARGSIZE - 1);
			qwords[i][TARGSIZE - 1] = '\0';
			i++;
		}
	}
	puts("Here are the words accepted:");
	for (i = 0; i < LIM; i++)
	puts(qwords[i]);
	return 0;
} 
char * s_gets(char * st, int n)
{
	char * ret_val;
	int i = 0;
	ret_val = fgets(st, n, stdin);
	if (ret_val)
	{
		while (st[i] != '\n' && st[i] != '\0')
		i++;
		if (st[i] == '\n')
		st[i] = '\0';
		else
		while (getchar() != '\n')
		continue;
	}
	return ret_val;
}

运行结果如下：