python可视化

本博客记录与python可视化相关的库与常用操作设置等。持续更新。

1. Matplotlib

1.1. 绘制直方图

from matplotlib import pyplot

# data

print(pyplot.hist(data))

 1.2. 正常显示中文

plt.rcParams['font.family'] = ['sans-serif']
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']

2. Tkinter

2.1. 常用tkinter框架

以下提供一个基本的tkinter框架，需要时直接复制粘贴然后完成其他开发。

# pyinstaller --noconsole test.py
import os.path
from time import strftime
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter.font as tf
from tkinter import messagebox
from typing import Callable


class Exception_msg(Exception):
    def __init__(self, message):
        super().__init__(message)


class my_Entry(Entry):
    def __init__(self,
                 root: Tk,
                 font: tf.Font,
                 hint_text: str,
                 default_text: str,
                 relx: float,
                 relwidth: float,
                 rely: float,
                 relheight: float,
                 focus_in_func: Callable[['my_Entry' or Entry, ], None],
                 focus_out_func: Callable[['my_Entry' or Entry, str], None], ):
        super().__init__(font=font)
        Label(root, text=hint_text, font=font, relief='flat', fg='black', bg='white') \
            .place(relx=relx - 0.11, relwidth=relwidth - 0.2, rely=rely + 0.01, relheight=relheight - 0.02)
        self.entry = Entry(root, font=font)
        self.entry.insert(0, default_text)
        self.entry.place(relx=relx, relwidth=relwidth, rely=rely, relheight=relheight)
        self.entry.bind("<FocusIn>", lambda x: focus_in_func(self.entry))
        self.entry.bind("<FocusOut>", lambda x: focus_out_func(self.entry, default_text))

    def get(self) -> str:
        return self.entry.get()

    def insert(self, index: int, string: str) -> None:
        self.entry.insert(index, string)

    def clear(self, first: int, ) -> None:
        self.entry.delete(first, 'end')


class my_Combobox(ttk.Combobox):
    def __init__(self,
                 root: Tk,
                 values: list,
                 font: tf.Font,
                 default_text: str,
                 relx: float,
                 relwidth: float,
                 rely: float,
                 relheight: float,
                 func,
                 kwargs=None):
        super().__init__(font=font, values=values)
        self.box = ttk.Combobox(root, values=values, font=font)
        self.box.set(default_text)  # 设置默认选项
        self.box.place(relx=relx, relwidth=relwidth, rely=rely, relheight=relheight)
        if kwargs:
            self.box.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", lambda x: func(self.box, **kwargs))
        else:
            self.box.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", lambda x: func(self.box, ))

    def get(self) -> str:
        return self.box.get()

    def set(self, value) -> None:
        self.box.set(value)

    def set_values(self, values: list):
        self.box['values'] = values


class window:
    def __init__(
            self,
    ):
        self.root = Tk()
        self.root.title("")

        self.fonts = {'Chinese_mainBody_10': tf.Font(family='宋体', size=10),
                      'Chinese_mainBody_12': tf.Font(family='宋体', size=12),
                      'Chinese_mainBody_15': tf.Font(family='宋体', size=15),
                      'Chinese_mainBody_20': tf.Font(family='宋体', size=20),
                      'Chinese_title_12': tf.Font(family='方正小标宋简体', size=12),
                      'Chinese_title_15': tf.Font(family='方正小标宋简体', size=15),
                      'Chinese_title_20': tf.Font(family='方正小标宋简体', size=20),
                      'Chinese_title_25': tf.Font(family='方正小标宋简体', size=25),
                      'English_12': tf.Font(family='Times New Roman', size=12),
                      'English_15': tf.Font(family='Times New Roman', size=15),
                      'English_30': tf.Font(family='Times New Roman', size=30)
                      }

        self.root.resizable(False, False)
        self.root.geometry("%dx%d+%d+%d" % (300, 300, 700, 300))

        self.window0()

    def window0(self):
        self.clear_layout()

    def window1(self):
        self.clear_layout()

    def clear_layout(self):
        for i in self.root.winfo_children():
            i.destroy()

    def pop_message(
            self,
            func: Callable[[], None],
            need_quit: bool = False
    ):
        result = messagebox.askquestion("确认", "你确定要执行操作吗？")

        # 根据用户的选择执行不同的操作
        if result == 'yes':
            func()
            self.root.quit() if need_quit else None

    @staticmethod
    def clear_default_text(
            entry: Entry or my_Entry,
    ):
        if isinstance(entry, Entry):
            entry.delete(0, "end")  # 清除默认文本
        elif isinstance(entry, my_Entry):
            entry.clear(0)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run = window()
    run.root.mainloop()