计算机网络——常见问题汇总2-CSDN博客

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1. New SDN/NFV paradigm

1.1 Define these new paradigms

The new paradigms of SDN (Software-Defined Networking) and NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) have emerged in the networking world to address the growing complexity and dynamic nature of modern data networks. Let’s define these paradigms and discuss their emergence, advantages, and disadvantages.SDN（软件定义网络）和NFV（网络功能虚拟化）这两种新范式在网络领域应运而生，旨在应对现代数据网络日益增长的复杂性和动态特性。我们来定义这些范式，并讨论它们出现的原因、优点和缺点。

1.2 SDN (Software-Defined Networking软件定义网络）

1.2.1 Definition定义

SDN is a network architecture approach that decouples the network control logic from the underlying hardware. It centralizes control in a network controller or software application, which can dynamically direct traffic on the network and make decisions about how the network operates.SDN是一种网络架构方法，将网络控制逻辑与底层硬件分离。它将控制中心化到一个网络控制器或软件应用程序中，可以动态地指导网络流量并决定网络的运作方式。

1.2.2 Why It Emerged为什么出现

Increased Network Complexity网络复杂性增加: Traditional networks, with their hardware-centric and static configurations, struggle to keep up with the dynamic demands of modern data traffic.传统的以硬件为中心且配置静态的网络难以跟上现代数据流量的动态需求。

Need for Flexibility and Scalability灵活性和可扩展性需求增长： There's a growing need for networks that can quickly adapt to changing business needs and traffic patterns.对能够快速适应变化的业务需求和流量模式的网络的需求日益增长。

Cost Efficiency成本效率: SDN offers a way to use network resources more efficiently and reduce operational costs.SDN提供了更高效使用网络资源和降低运营成本的方式。

1.2.3 Advantages优点

Flexibility and Programmability灵活性和可编程性: Networks can be quickly reconfigured and adapted through software controls.网络可以通过软件控制快速重新配置和调整。

Efficient Resource Utilization资源利用效率: Optimizes network resources and improves overall network performance.优化网络资源，提高整体网络性能。

Centralized Management集中化管理: Simplifies network management and reduces complexity.简化网络管理，减少复杂性。

12.4 Disadvantages缺点

Security Risks安全风险: Centralized control can be a single point of failure and a target for attacks.集中化控制可能成为单点故障和攻击目标。

Implementation Costs实施成本: Transitioning to an SDN architecture can be costly and complex.过渡到SDN架构可能既昂贵又复杂。

Interoperability Issues互操作性问题: Integration with existing network infrastructure can be challenging.与现有网络基础设施的集成可能具有挑战性。

1.3 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)

1.3.1 Definition定义

NFV is a network architecture concept that uses virtualization technology to manage network services. It involves decoupling network functions such as firewalls, load balancers, and intrusion detection systems from dedicated hardware appliances, allowing them to run as software on general-purpose servers.NFV是一种使用虚拟化技术来管理网络服务的网络架构概念。它涉及将防火墙、负载均衡器和入侵检测系统等网络功能从专用硬件设备中分离出来，允许它们作为软件运行在通用服务器上。