DNS正向解析和反向解析

一、DNS的正向解析

1、安装bind软件包

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /mnt: /dev/sr0 已挂载于 /run/media/root/RHEL-9-0-0-BaseOS-x86 64.
[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind -y

 2、在配置文件里进行内容编辑

[root@localhost ~ named]# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
        listen-on port 53  192.168.88.129; };
        directory    "var/named";
        allow-query {localhost;};
};
logging {
        channel default debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
         };
zone"openlab.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "named.openlab .com";
};
zone "88.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN [
        type master;
        file"named.openlab .com";
};

 3、更改/var/named/named.openlab.com文件和/etc/resolv.conf文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/named.openlab.com 
 
 
@       IN      SOA     ns.openlab.com. admin.qq.com.  (
                                                2023051002
                                                1M
                                                1M
                                                1M
                                                3M )
                NS      ns.openlab.com.
ns              A       192.168.88.130
ftp             A       192.168.88.131
www             A       192.168.88.132
http            CNAME   www

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf 
 
# Generated by NetworkManager
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.88.129

serial序号：表示数据库文件的新旧，序号越大文件越新

refresh更新频率：定义slave多久向master要求数据更新

retry失败重新尝试时间：slave无法对master实现连接，则会重新尝试连接

expire失效时间：如果一直尝试失败，在一定的时间内，slave不会再继续尝试连接，并且会尝试删除区域文件信息

minimum TTL缓存时间：如果这个数据库zone file中，每条记录都没有写到TTL缓存时间的话，那么就以这个SOA的设置值为主。ttl的意思是当这笔记录被其他DNS服务器查询到后，这个记录会在对方DNS服务器的缓存中，保持多久时间。如果写了$TTL，则以该值为准。

4、客户端测试，正向测试结果如下：

[root@localhost ~]# host www.openlab.com
www.openlab.com has address 192.168.88.132

二、DNS的反向解析

1、安装bind

2、更改配置文件/etc/name.conf

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
 
options {
        listen-on port 53 { 192.168.88.130; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        allow-query     { any; };
        recursion yes;
};
 
#正向解析
zone "openlab.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "named.openlab.com";
};
 
#反向解析
zone "88.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "named.openlab.com";
};

3、更改/var/named/named.openlab.com文件和/etc/resolv.conf文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/named.openlab.com 
 
$TTL    1D
@       IN      SOA     ns.openlab.com. admin.qq.com.  (
                                                2023051002
                                                1M
                                                1M
                                                1M
                                                3M )
                NS      ns.openlab.com.
ns              A       192.168.88.130
ftp             A       192.168.88.131
www             A       192.168.88.132
http            CNAME   www
130             PTR     ns.openlab.com.
131             PTR     www.openlab.com.
132             PTR     ftp.openlab.com.
 
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf 
 
# Generated by NetworkManager
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.88.128

4、客户端测试，反向测试结果如下：

[root@localhost ~]# nslookup 192.168.88.132
132.88.168.192.in-addr.arpa	name = ftp.openlab.com.
 
[root@localhost ~]# nslookup 192.168.88.131
131.88.168.192.in-addr.arpa	name = www.openlab.com.
 
[root@localhost ~]# nslookup 192.168.88.130
130.88.168.192.in-addr.arpa	name = ns.openlab.com.