Tomcat详解3-------缓存与session

 Memcached

是一个开源的高性能、分布式内存对象缓存系统，通常用于加速动态 Web 应用程序通过减少数据库负载来提高性能,支持设置缓存项的过期时间，到期后会被清除，将用户会话数据存储在内存中，提高Web应用性能

安装

[root@rocky /data/webapps1/ROOT]$ dnf install memcached
[root@t1 ~]#cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached 
PORT="11211"     #监听端口
USER="memcached" #启动用户
MAXCONN="1024"  #最大连接数
CACHESIZE="64"  #最大使用内存
OPTIONS="-l 127.0.0.1,::1" #其他选项
[root@rocky /usr/lib/systemd/system]$ systemctl enable --now memcached
#监听端口为11211
[root@rocky /usr/lib/systemd/system]$ ss -ntlp |grep memcached
LISTEN 0      1024       127.0.0.1:11211      0.0.0.0:*    users:(("memcached",pid=38686,fd=26))
LISTEN 0      1024           [::1]:11211         [::]:*    users:(("memcached",pid=38686,fd=27))
#修改为主机的所有IP
[root@rocky /usr/lib/systemd/system]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS="-l 10.0.0.151"
#OPTIONS="-l 127.0.0.1,::1"

说明

memcached常用选项

-u username memcached运行的用户身份，必须普通用户
-p 绑定的端口，默认11211
-m num 最大内存，单位MB，默认64MB
-c num 最大连接数，缺省1024
-d 守护进程方式运行
-f 增长因子Growth Factor，默认1.25
-v 详细信息，-vv能看到详细信息
-M 使用内存直到耗尽，不许LRU
-U 设置UDP监听端口，0表示禁用UD

[root@rocky /usr/lib/systemd/system]$ memcached -u memcached -p 11211 -f 2 -vv
slab class   1: chunk size        96 perslab   10922
slab class   2: chunk size       192 perslab    5461
slab class   3: chunk size       384 perslab    2730
slab class   4: chunk size       768 perslab    1365
slab class   5: chunk size      1536 perslab     682
slab class   6: chunk size      3072 perslab     341
slab class   7: chunk size      6144 perslab     170
slab class   8: chunk size     12288 perslab      85
slab class   9: chunk size     24576 perslab      42
slab class  10: chunk size     49152 perslab      21
slab class  11: chunk size     98304 perslab      10
slab class  12: chunk size    196608 perslab       5
slab class  13: chunk size    524288 perslab       2
<26 server listening (auto-negotiate)

使用

#查看memcached状态
[root@rocky /usr/lib/systemd/system]$ memstat --servers=10.0.0.151

5种命令

set
add
replace
get
delete

#前三个命令是用于操作存储在 memcached 中的键值对的标准修改命令,都使用如下所示的语法：
command <key> <flags> <expiration time> <bytes>
<value>
#参数说明如下：
command set/add/replace
key     key 用于查找缓存值
flags     可以包括键值对的整型参数，客户机使用它存储关于键值对的额外信息
expiration time     在缓存中保存键值对的时间长度（以秒为单位，0 表示永远）
bytes     在缓存中存储的字节数
value     存储的值（始终位于第二行）
#增加key，过期时间为秒，bytes为存储数据的字节数
add key flags exptime bytes 

进到memcached

[root@rocky /usr/lib/systemd/system]$ telnet localhost 11211
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
status
STAT pid 41063
STAT uptime 137
STAT time 1711626155
STAT version 1.5.22
STAT libevent 2.1.8-stable
STAT pointer_size 64
STAT rusage_user 0.009017
STAT rusage_system 0.015165
STAT max_connections 1024
STAT curr_connections 2
STAT total_connections 4
STAT rejected_connections 0
STAT connection_structures 3
STAT reserved_fds 20
STAT cmd_get 0
STAT cmd_set 0
STAT cmd_flush 0
STAT cmd_touch 0
STAT cmd_meta 0
STAT get_hits 0
STAT get_misses 0
STAT get_expired 0
STAT get_flushed 0
STAT delete_misses 0
STAT delete_hits 0
STAT incr_misses 0
STAT incr_hits 0
STAT decr_misses 0
STAT decr_hits 0
STAT cas_misses 0
STAT cas_hits 0
STAT cas_badval 0
STAT touch_hits 0
STAT touch_misses 0
STAT auth_cmds 0
STAT auth_errors 0
STAT bytes_read 53
STAT bytes_written 63
STAT limit_maxbytes 67108864
STAT accepting_conns 1
STAT listen_disabled_num 0
STAT time_in_listen_disabled_us 0
STAT threads 4
STAT conn_yields 0
STAT hash_power_level 16
STAT hash_bytes 524288
STAT hash_is_expanding 0
STAT slab_reassign_rescues 0
STAT slab_reassign_chunk_rescues 0
STAT slab_reassign_evictions_nomem 0
STAT slab_reassign_inline_reclaim 0
STAT slab_reassign_busy_items 0
STAT slab_reassign_busy_deletes 0
STAT slab_reassign_running 0
STAT slabs_moved 0
STAT lru_crawler_running 0
STAT lru_crawler_starts 510
STAT lru_maintainer_juggles 187
STAT malloc_fails 0
STAT log_worker_dropped 0
STAT log_worker_written 0
STAT log_watcher_skipped 0
STAT log_watcher_sent 0
STAT bytes 0
STAT curr_items 0
STAT total_items 0
STAT slab_global_page_pool 0
STAT expired_unfetched 0
STAT evicted_unfetched 0
STAT evicted_active 0
STAT evictions 0
STAT reclaimed 0
STAT crawler_reclaimed 0
STAT crawler_items_checked 0
STAT lrutail_reflocked 0
STAT moves_to_cold 0
STAT moves_to_warm 0
STAT moves_within_lru 0
STAT direct_reclaims 0
STAT lru_bumps_dropped 0
END

#添加
add mykey 1 60 4
#名字
test
STORED
#查看
get mykey
VALUE mykey 1 4
test
END
add aa 1 5 3
tese
get aa
get mykey
#刷新
flush_all
quit

Tomcat Session Replication Cluster

无论指向后台的哪台主机，都要保证用户的信息可以得到保存，不需要每次致指向不同的机器，就需要重新输入登录信息，为了保证前台页面用户登录不受任何影响，所以要保证后台机器session共享

实现2台session共享

2台机器server.xml都需要配置

<host>
     <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
 channelSendOptions="8">
 <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
 <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
 <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
 address="230.100.100.100"   #多播地址
 port="45564"
 frequency="500"
 dropTime="3000"/>
 <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
  address="10.0.0.150"     #本机ip
  port="4000"
  autoBind="100"
  selectorTimeout="5000"
  maxThreads="6"/>
 <Sender 
className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
 <Transport 
className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
 </Sender>
<Interceptor 
className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor 
className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/>
</Channel>
 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
 filter=""/>
 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
 <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
 tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
 deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
 watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
 watchEnabled="false"/>
 <ClusterListener 
className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
#添加以上几行
<host>


[root@t1 ~]#systemctl restart tomcat

为所有tomcat主机应用web.xml的 <web-app> 标签增加子标签 <distributable/> 来开启该应用程序的分布式。

[root@t1 ~]#tail -n3 /data/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml
 </description>
<distributable/>  #添加此行
</web-app>

重启全部Tomcat，通过负载均衡调度到不同节点，返回的SessionID不变了。 用浏览器访问,并刷新多次,发现SessionID 不变,但后端主机在轮询 但此方式当后端tomcat主机较多时,会重复占用大量的内存,并不适合后端服务器众多的场景

session共享服务器

Session 共享服务器有多种实现方案

#支持Memcached和Redis
https://github.com/magro/memcached-session-manager    #2018


#只支持Redis
https://github.com/redisson/redisson                #20240301
https://github.com/ran-jit/tomcat-cluster-redis-session-manager   #2020

MSM（memcached session manager）提供将Tomcat的session保持到memcached或Redis的程序， 可以实现高可用。

提前需要准备这些软件包

kryo-3.0.3.jar
asm-5.2.jar
objenesis-2.6.jar
reflectasm-1.11.9.jar
minlog-1.3.1.jar
kryo-serializers-0.45.jar
msm-kryo-serializer-2.3.2.jar
memcached-session-manager-tc8-2.3.2.jar
spymemcached-2.12.3.jar
memcached-session-manager-2.3.2.jar

Sticky模式

sticky 模式即前端tomcat和后端memcached有关联(粘性)关系

t1和m1部署可以在一台主机上，t2和m2部署也可以在同一台。 当新用户发请求到Tomcat1时, Tomcat1生成session返回给用户的同时,也会同时发给memcached2备 份。即Tomcat1 session为主session，memcached2 session为备用session，使用memcached相当 于备份了一份Session 如果Tomcat1发现memcached2 失败,无法备份Session到memcached2,则将Sessoin备份存放在 memcached1中

修改memcached文件

[root@rocky ~]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS=""
#OPTIONS="-l 127.0.0.1,::1"

修改tomcat文件

    <Manager pathname="" />
    -->

###倒数第一行前,即</Context>行的前面,加下面内容

  <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"
    memcachedNodes="n1:10.0.0.151:11211,n2:10.0.0.150:11211"
    failoverNodes="n1"
    requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"

transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory"
    />




</Context> #最后一行

tomcat1和tomcat2区别仅在于failoverNodes="n1"改为failoverNodes="n2"

然后重启服务，会发现sessionID保持不变，只有页面变