【案例介绍】
现有一个学生表s_student和一个班级表c_class,其中,班级表c_class和学生表s_student是一对多的关系。学生表s_student和班级表c_class如下所示。
学生表(s_student) | |||
学生id(id) | 学生姓名(name) | 学生年龄(age) | 所属班级(cid) |
1 | 张三 | 18 | 1 |
2 | 李四 | 18 | 2 |
3 | 王五 | 19 | 2 |
4 | 赵六 | 20 | 1 |
班级表(c_class) | |
班级id(id) | 班级名称(classname) |
1 | 一班 |
2 | 二班 |
请使用MyBatis注解完成以下要求。
(1)MyBatis注解实现查询操作。
根据表格在数据库分别创建一个学生表s_student和一个班级表c_class,并查询id为2的学生的信息
(2)MyBatis注解实现修改操作。
将id为4的学生姓名修改为李雷,年龄修改为21。
(3)MyBatis注解实现一对多查询。
查询出二班所有学生的信息。
【案例实现】
1.数据准备:在MySQL中创建一个名称为mybatis的数据库。
CREATE DATABASE mybatis;
①在数据库中创建班级表c_class,并插入测试数据:
create table c_class (
id int(32) primary key auto_increment,
classname varchar(40)
);
insert into c_class values (1, '一班');
insert into c_class values (2, '二班');
②在数据库中创建学生表s_student,并插入测试数据:
create table s_student (
id int(32) primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(40),
age int,
cid int(32) NOT NULL,
foreign key(cid) references c_class(id)
);
insert into s_student values (1, '张三', 18,1);
insert into s_student values (2, '李四', 18,2);
insert into s_student values (3, '王五', 19,2);
insert into s_student values (4, '赵六', 20,1);
2.引入相关依赖:在项目的pom.xml文件中导入MySQL驱动包、JUnit测试包、MyBatis的核心包等相关依赖。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.xinhua</groupId>
<artifactId>MyBatisTest</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.28</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
3.POJO类准备:①创建持久化类IStudent,并在类中定义相关属性和方法,该类用于封装IStudent对象的id、姓名、年龄和班级等属性。
package com.itheima.pojo;
public class IStudent {
private Integer id; //主键id
private String name; //姓名
private int age; //年龄
private int cid; //班级
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int getCid() {
return cid;
}
public void setCid(int cid) {
this.cid = cid;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" + "id=" + id + ",name=" + name + ",age=" + age + '}';
}
}
②创建持久化类IClass,并在类中定义相关属性和方法,该类用于封装IClass对象的id、班级名称以及关联的学生集合等属性。
package com.itheima.pojo;
import java.util.List;
public class IClass {
private Integer id; //主键id
private String classname; //班级名称
private List<IStudent> studentList; //学生集合
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getClassname() {
return classname;
}
public void setClassname(String classname) {
this.classname = classname;
}
public List<IStudent> getStudentList() {
return studentList;
}
public void setStudentList(List<IStudent> studentList) {
this.studentList = studentList;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "IClass{" + "id=" + id + ",classname=" + classname + ",studentList=" + studentList + '}';
}
}
4.创建Mapper接口:①创建IStudentMapper接口,用于编写@Select注解映射的select查询语句、@Update注解映射update更新语句等。
package com.itheima.dao;
import java.util.List;
import com.itheima.pojo.IStudent;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Result;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Results;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update;
public interface IStudentMapper {
//MyBatis注解实现查询操作
@Select("select * from s_student where id = #{id}")
IStudent selectStudent(int id);
//MyBatis注解实现修改操作
@Update("update mybatis.s_student set name=#{name},age=#{age} where id=#{id}")
int updateStudent(IStudent student);
//MyBatis注解实现一对多查询
@Select("select * from s_student where cid = #{id}")
@Results({@Result(id = true,column = "id",property = "id"),
@Result(column = "classname",property = "classname")
})
List<IStudent> selectStudentByCid(int cid); //通过cid查询对应班级中的学生信息
}
②创建IClassMapper接口,在接口中编写selectClassById()方法,通过id查询班级信息。
package com.itheima.dao;
import com.itheima.pojo.IClass;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Many;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Result;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Results;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
public interface IClassMapper {
@Select("select * from c_class where id=#{id} ")
@Results({@Result(id = true, column = "id", property = "id"),
@Result(column = "classname", property = "classname"),
@Result(column = "id", property = "studentList",
many = @Many(select = "com.itheima.dao.IStudentMapper.selectStudentByCid"))})
IClass selectClassById(int id);
}
5.创建数据库连接信息配置文件db.properties:在该文件中配置数据库连接的参数。
mysql.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
mysql.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=UTC&\
characterEncoding=utf8&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false
mysql.username=root
mysql.password=root
6.创建MyBatis的核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml:该文件主要用于项目的环境配置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--环境配置-->
<!--加载类路径下的属性文件-->
<properties resource="db.properties"/>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<!--数据库连接相关配置,db.properties文件中的内容-->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${mysql.driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${mysql.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${mysql.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${mysql.password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--mapping文件路径配置-->
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.itheima.dao.IStudentMapper"/>
<mapper class="com.itheima.dao.IClassMapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
7.编写mybatisUtils工具类:该类用于封装读取配置文件信息的代码。
package com.itheima.Utils;
import java.io.Reader;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
public class MyBatisUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
//初始化SQLSessionFactory类加载MyBatis的配置文件
static {
try {
//使用MyBatis提供的Resources类加载MyBatis的配置文件
Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader("mybatis-config.xml");
//构建SqlSessionFactory工厂
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static SqlSession getSession(){
//获取SqlSession对象的静态方法
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
//若传入true表示关闭事务控制,自动提交;false表示开启事务控制
}
}
8.编写测试方法:在测试类MyBatisTest中,编写测试方法。
package Test;
import com.itheima.Utils.MyBatisUtils;
import com.itheima.dao.IClassMapper;
import com.itheima.dao.IStudentMapper;
import com.itheima.pojo.IClass;
import com.itheima.pojo.IStudent;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
public class MyBatisTest {
//(1)MyBatis注解实现查询操作
@Test
public void findStudentByTest(){
//1.通过工具类获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession session = MyBatisUtils.getSession();
IStudentMapper mapper = session.getMapper(IStudentMapper.class);
//2.使用IStudentMapper对象查询id为1的学生的信息
IStudent student = mapper.selectStudent(2);
System.out.println(student.toString());
//3.关闭SqlSession
session.close();
}
//(2)MyBatis注解实现修改操作
@Test
public void updateIStudentTest(){
SqlSession session = MyBatisUtils.getSession();
IStudent student = new IStudent();
student.setId(4);
student.setName("李雷");
student.setAge(21);
IStudentMapper mapper = session.getMapper(IStudentMapper.class);
int result = mapper.updateStudent(student);
if(result>0){
System.out.println("更新成功"+result+"条数据");
}
else {
System.out.println("更新数据失败");
}
System.out.println(student.toString());
session.commit();
//关闭SqlSession
session.close();
}
//(3)MyBatis注解实现一对多查询
@Test
public void selectClassByIdTest() {
// 1.通过工具类生成SqlSession对象
SqlSession session = MyBatisUtils.getSession();
IClassMapper mapper = session.getMapper(IClassMapper.class);
// 2.查询id为2的班级中学生的信息
IClass icalss = mapper.selectClassById(2);
System.out.println(icalss.toString());
session.close();
}
}
9.运行结果: