系统学习Linux-keepalived

已于 2023-08-24 19:00:55 修改
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文章标签： linux 服务器 keepalived
于 2023-08-24 19:00:27 首次发布
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目录

keepalived双机热备

keepalived+lvs（DR）

1.实验环境 

先配置主调度器

web节点配置        

keepalived双机热备

web服务器安装nginx和keepalived

配置好这些可以进行漂移了 

复制keepalived.conf 进行修改web1为主web2为从优先级设置好

#web1服务器
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y keepalived nginx
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@localhost keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak
[root@localhost keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf.bak 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id NGINX1
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.31.100
        192.168.31.101
        192.168.31.102
    }
}
[root@localhost keepalived]# systemctl restart keepalived.service 

#web2服务器
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y keepalived nginx
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@localhost keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak
[root@localhost keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf.bak 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id NGINX2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication { 
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }         
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.31.100
        192.168.31.101
        192.168.31.102
    }       
}   
[root@localhost keepalived]# systemctl restart keepalived.service

启动服务后ip a查看主从ip

web1虚ip已存在

#web1
[root@localhost keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.200/32 brd 192.168.31.200 scope global lo:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:12:94:c3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.31.5/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.101/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.102/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe12:94c3/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:34:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:34:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

#web2
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.200/32 brd 192.168.31.200 scope global lo:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:49:51:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.31.6/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe49:5151/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:34:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:34:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

写入web1与web2网页内容

#web1
[root@localhost keepalived]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  en-US  icons  img  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@localhost html]# echo nginx1 > index.html 
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart nginx

#web2
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  en-US  icons  img  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@localhost html]# echo nginx2 > index.html 
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart nginx

主测试

因master正常运行所以现在访问的是web1主服务

[root@localhost keepalived]# curl 192.168.31.100
nginx1
[root@localhost keepalived]# curl 192.168.31.101
nginx1
[root@localhost keepalived]# curl 192.168.31.102
nginx1

 ​​​​​​如果停掉master会自动切换到backup（web2上）

注这里有一个问题配置文件复制修改的是keepalived.conf.bak这个是有错误的，修改原配置文件才可以适配到所以我删除了复制出来的bak，修改的原文件才适配成功

#web1
[root@localhost html]# systemctl stop keepalived.service 

#web2
[root@localhost keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.200/32 brd 192.168.31.200 scope global lo:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:49:51:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.31.6/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.101/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.102/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe49:5151/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:34:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:34:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

 到主上测试自动切换master成功

[root@localhost keepalived]# curl 192.168.31.100
nginx2
[root@localhost keepalived]# curl 192.168.31.101
nginx2
[root@localhost keepalived]# curl 192.168.31.102
nginx2

测试断掉web1网卡等待地址漂移到web2上

网卡测试失败有bug或者过慢（正常停网卡可以）

停网卡形成脑裂现象服务还在，主依然是主,从依然是从，

停服务可以直接跳到web2服务

主机上配置FNS共享目录

#主机上配置NFS共享
[root@localhost keepalived]# mkdir /opt/pub
[root@localhost keepalived]# vim /etc/exports
/opt/pub        192.168.31.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

rpcbind安装fns-utils和fns

[root@localhost keepalived]# systemctl start nfs
[root@localhost keepalived]# showmount -e
Export list for localhost.localdomain:
/opt/put 192.168.31.0/24

#命令用于查找 showmount 命令的路径。
[root@localhost keepalived]# which showmount
/usr/sbin/showmount
#命令用于查询已安装软件包中包含指定文件的软件包。
[root@localhost keepalived]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/showmount 
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.x86_64

#命令用于重新导出所有已经在 /etc/exports 文件中定义的共享目录。
[root@localhost keepalived]# exportfs -arv
exporting 192.168.31.0/24:/opt/pub

web2、3

[root@localhost keepalived]# showmount -e 192.168.31.4
Export list for 192.168.31.4:
/opt/pub 192.168.31.0/24
[root@localhost keepalived]# mount 192.168.31.4:/opt/pub /usr/share/nginx/html/



[root@localhost keepalived]# showmount -e 192.168.31.4
Export list for 192.168.31.4:
/opt/pub 192.168.31.0/24
[root@localhost keepalived]# mount 192.168.31.4:/opt/pub /usr/share/nginx/html/

403是因为没有共享的网页文件内容

[root@localhost keepalived]# cd /opt/pub/
[root@localhost pub]# echo test > index.html

 去web1停掉服务后继续测试网页

[root@localhost keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.200/32 brd 192.168.31.200 scope global lo:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:12:94:c3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.31.5/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe12:94c3/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:34:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:34:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

依然可以访问内容ip虽然一样但现在访问的已经是web2的虚地址 

#web2
[root@localhost keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.200/32 brd 192.168.31.200 scope global lo:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:49:51:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.31.6/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.101/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.31.102/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe49:5151/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:34:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:45:34:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

挂过来如果目录从755变成644需要改回去

keepalived+lvs（DR）

使用keepalived解决lvs的单点故障

高可用集群

1.实验环境 

四台主机

vip（虚拟地址）：192.168.31.200

角色主机名IP接口
从调度器ds01 192.168.31.3enss33
主调度器ds02 192.168.31.4enss33
rs节点1rs01192.168.31.5enss33
rs节点2rs02192.168.31.6enss33

加入LVS就需要设置以下配置

主从需要安装并加载mod

yum install -y keepalived

yum install -y ipvsadm

modprobe ip_vs

先配置主调度器

#主调度器ds02
[root@localhost keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL1
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
#  vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.31.200
    }
}
! Configuration File for keepalived

    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.31.200 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.31.5 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP GET {
            url {
              path /
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
            real_server 192.168.31.6 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

复制配置内容到从调度器ds01或者scp传输

#从调度器ds01
[root@localhost keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf 


! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL2
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
#  vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.31.200
    }
}

    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.31.200
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.31.200 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.31.5 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP GET { 
            url {
              path /
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
            real_server 192.168.31.6 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

重启服务并查看查看lvs节点状态

#主调度器ds02
[root@localhost pub]# systemctl restart keepalived.service 
[root@localhost keepalived]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.31.200:80 rr persistent 50
  -> 192.168.31.5:80              Route   1      0          0     
  -> 192.168.31.6:80              Route   1      0          0   

#从调度器ds01
[root@localhost pub]# systemctl restart keepalived.service 
[root@localhost keepalived]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.31.200:80 rr persistent 50
  -> 192.168.31.5:80              Route   1      0          0     
  -> 192.168.31.6:80              Route   1      0          0

web节点配置        

调整ARP参数(rs1、2节点都需要配置)

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce=2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce=2

[root@localhost keepalived]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@localhost keepalived]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2

配置虚拟IP地址

#rs节点1、2相同配置
[root@localhost keepalived]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-lo ifcfg-lo:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-lo:0

DEVICE=lo:0
IPADDR=192.168.31.200
NETMASK=255.255.255.255
ONBOOT=yes
NAME=loopback:0
#添加回环路径
[root@localhost network-scripts]# route add -host 192.168.31.200/32 dev lo:0

测试

停掉主调度器ds02

systemctl stop keepalived.service 

此时依然可以访问证明主从搭建成功，从已经开始工作

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以下是针对nginx状态进行检测的脚本，第一次nginx服务死掉时，会重新启动，如果Nginx服务无法正常启动，则杀掉keepalived进程。(2)备用服务器修改192.168.195.36的配置文件/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf。(1)主服务器修改192.168.195.33的配置文件/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf。将keepalived的文件信息存放到/etc/sysconfig/里面。将脚本文件复制到/etc/init.d 文件夹里。
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文章目录1 Keepalived1.1 keepalived简介1.2 VRRP协议介绍1.3 keepalived工作原理1.4 Keepalived作用1.5 lvs和keepalived的异同1.6 安装keepalived1.6.1 下载解压1.6.2 编译安装1.6.3 把keepalived注册为系统服务1.6.4 配置keepalived 主机1.6.5 实现双机主备高可用1.6.6 keepalived配置nginx自动重启1.6.7 keepalived双主热备 1 Keepalived
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主要核心思想，如果master 和 salve 全部存活的情况，VIP就漂移到 master。读写都从master操作，如果master宕机，VIP就会漂移到salve,并将之前的salve切换为master,当宕机的master可以继续服务的时候，首先会从salve同步数据，然后VIP漂移到master服务器上面，持续提供服务。 环境准备： 　　　　master：ip192.168.28.1...
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