用Java+Selenium+openCV实现126.com的滑块验证

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前言

引入OpenCV库，下载地址：Releases - OpenCV下载4.5.0即可，在下完成安装exe文件后，会出现下列文件，直接将build/java文件下的jar包导入项目的依赖即可。 

一、滑块验证解析？

1.获取驱动，加载126网址

2.切换窗口，因为登录功能是在iframe中，需要先切换窗口

3.输入账号和密码，点击登录（才能弹出滑块提示）

4.下载滑块和背景图

5.用OpenCV技术，处理图片，计算出横向距离（需要计算出原图和显示图的缩放比例才能算出需要滑动的正确距离）

6.用actions模拟鼠标进行滑动

二、解决步骤

1.主流程如下

代码如下（示例）：

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    //1.获取驱动，加载网址
    ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
    //driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
    driver.manage().window().maximize(); //全屏
    driver.get("https://www.126.com");

    //2.切换窗口，定位元素
    WebElement iframeElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='loginDiv']/iframe"));
    WebDriver loginFrame = driver.switchTo().frame(iframeElement);

    //3.输入账号密码
    clickLogin(loginFrame);

    boolean displayed;
    boolean error;
    do {
        //4下载图片
        List<String> photos = downloadPhoto(loginFrame);

        //5.解析图片，计算距离
        double slideDistance = countDistance(loginFrame,photos);

        //6.模拟滑块真实滑动到指定位置
        slideVerify(driver, slideDistance);

        Thread.sleep(1000);

        //判断滑动提示是否存在
        displayed= driver.findElement(By.className("yidun_bg-img")).isDisplayed();
        //判断是否提示滑动次数过多，需要重新点击
        error=driver.findElement(By.className("yidun_tips__icon")).isDisplayed();
        if(error){
            driver.findElement(By.className("yidun_tips")).click();
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        }

    }while(displayed);

    //点击登录
    driver.findElement(By.id("dologin")).click();
}

2.输入账号密码方法

代码如下（示例）：

private static void clickLogin(WebDriver e) {
    e.findElement(By.name("email")).clear();
    e.findElement(By.name("email")).sendKeys("username");
    e.findElement(By.name("password")).clear();
    e.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys("password");
    e.findElement(By.id("un-login")).click();
    try {
        Thread.sleep(500);
    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }
    e.findElement(By.id("dologin")).click();
    try {
        Thread.sleep(3000);
    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }
}

3.下载图片方法

代码如下（示例）：

private static List<String> downloadPhoto(WebDriver driver){
        String chock_src = driver.findElement(By.className("yidun_jigsaw")).getAttribute("src");
        String bg_src = driver.findElement(By.className("yidun_bg-img")).getAttribute("src");

        String chockPhoto = download(chock_src, "chock");
        String bgPhoto = download(bg_src, "bg_src");

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(chockPhoto);
        list.add(bgPhoto);
        return list;
    }

//下载图片的方法
    private static String download(String urlStr, String name) {
        InputStream is = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        String fileName = "D:\\java\\JavaProject\\Selenium\\src\\main\\java\\qwc\\selenium\\apidemo\\phono\\" + name + ".png";

        try {
            URL url = new URL(urlStr);
            URLConnection con = url.openConnection();
            is = con.getInputStream();
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
            //读取数据
            while ((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                fos.write(bytes, 0, len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                fos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return fileName;
    }

4.解析图片，计算距离

代码如下（示例）：

 private static double countDistance(WebDriver driver,List<String> photos) {
        //加载本地库
        System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME);

        //对拼图图形进行处理，将滑块图片存储为Mat类型
        Mat slideBlockMat = Imgcodecs.imread(photos.get(0));

        //1.灰度化图片
        Imgproc.cvtColor(slideBlockMat, slideBlockMat, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);

        //2.去除周围黑边
        for (int row = 0; row < slideBlockMat.height(); row++) {
            for (int col = 0; col < slideBlockMat.width(); col++) {
                if (slideBlockMat.get(row, col)[0] == 0) {
                    slideBlockMat.put(row, col, 96);
                }
            }
        }
        //3.转为黑白图
        Core.inRange(slideBlockMat, Scalar.all(96), Scalar.all(96), slideBlockMat);

        //对滑动背景图进行处理
        Mat slideBgMat = Imgcodecs.imread(photos.get(1));

        //灰度化图片
        Imgproc.cvtColor(slideBgMat, slideBgMat, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);

        //二值化（转黑白图）
        //Core.inRange(slideBgMat, Scalar.all(96), Scalar.all(96), slideBgMat);
        Imgproc.threshold(slideBgMat,slideBgMat,127,255, Imgproc.THRESH_BINARY);

        Mat g_result = new Mat();
        /*
         * 将凹槽背景和拼图进行匹配
         */
        Imgproc.matchTemplate(slideBgMat, slideBlockMat, g_result, Imgproc.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED);
        Point matchLocation = Core.minMaxLoc(g_result).maxLoc;

        //返回匹配点的横向举例
        System.out.println(matchLocation.x*34/48);
        return matchLocation.x*34/48;
    }

5.模拟滑块真实滑动

代码如下（示例）：

private static void slideVerify(WebDriver driver, double distance) {
        //定位到滑块元素
        WebElement chockElement = driver.findElement(By.className("yidun_slider"));

        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

        actions.clickAndHold(chockElement);  //模拟鼠标动作，悬停在滑块上
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500);
            actions.moveByOffset(((int) distance) / 2+12, 0);
            Thread.sleep(900);
            actions.moveByOffset(((int) distance) / 2, 0);
            Thread.sleep(600);
            actions.release();
            actions.perform();
            Thread.sleep(2000);

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

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总结