目录
一,基本语法
①常用(
1.增加
语法:insert into 表名 values (内容,内容,....) 单个增加并且全部列名都要有
insert into 表名 (列名,列名,...) values(内容,内容,....) 单个增加选择性加入内容
选择性插入内容:
未插入内容的字段显示为空:
2.删除
语法:delete from 表名 where 条件语句 删除表中数据
drop table 表名 删除整张表
运行了删除语句:
已经删除:‘
drop delete from 表名:
注意表:
执行sql语句:
此时表已经被删除:
3.修改
语法:update 表名 set 要进行修改的字段 where 条件语句
执行修改的sql语句
效果
4.查看
语法:select * from 表名
)
②重要(
1.按条件表达式筛选
一、按条件表达式筛选
#案例1:查询工资>12000的员工信息
select * from t_mysql_employees where salary>12000
#案例2:查询部门编号不等于90号的员工名和部门编号
select * from t_mysql_employees where department_id <> 90
select * from t_mysql_employees where not (department_id=90)
2.按逻辑表达式筛选
between ... and ....
#二、按逻辑表达式筛选
#案例1:查询工资z在10000到20000之间的员工名、工资以及奖金
select * from t_mysql_employees where salary BETWEEN 10000 and 20000
#案例2:查询部门编号不是在90到110之间,或者工资高于15000的员工信息
select * from t_mysql_employees where not(department_id BETWEEN 90 and 110) or salary >=15000
3.模糊查询
#三、模糊查询
#1.like
#案例1:查询员工名中包含字符a的员工信息
select * from t_mysql_employees where last_name like '%a%'
#案例2:查询员工名中第三个字符为e,第五个字符为a的员工名和工资
select * from t_mysql_employees where last_name like '__e_a%'
#案例3:查询员工名中第二个字符为_的员工名
select * from t_mysql_employees where last_name like '_$_%' escape '$'
#2.between and
#案例1:查询员工编号在100到120之间的员工信息
select * from t_mysql_employees where department_id BETWEEN 100 and 120
#3.in
#案例:查询员工的工种编号是 IT_PROG、AD_VP、AD_PRES中的一个员工名和工种编号
select * from t_mysql_employees where job_id in('IT_PROG','AD_VP','AD_PRES')
IS NULL:仅仅可以判断NULL值,可读性较高,建议使用
<=> :既可以判断NULL值,又可以判断普通的数值,可读性较低
4.is null
#4、is null
#案例1:查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
select first_name,commission_pct from t_mysql_employees where commission_pct is null
#案例2:查询有奖金的员工名和奖金率
select first_name,commission_pct from t_mysql_employees where commission_pct is not null
5.安全等于 <=>
#安全等于 <=>
#案例1:查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
select first_name,commission_pct from t_mysql_employees where commission_pct <=> null#案例2:查询工资为12000的员工信息
select * from t_mysql_employees where salary <=> 12000
6.order by
#1、按单个字段排序
#案例:按员工表薪资排序
select * from t_mysql_employees ORDER BY salary desc
#2、添加筛选条件再排序
#案例:查询部门编号>=90的员工信息,并按员工编号降序
select * from (select * from t_mysql_employees where department_id >= 90 )a ORDER BY manager_id desc
7.取别名
#7.起别名
select employee_id as 员工编号 from t_mysql_employees
8.去重
DISTINCT
#8.去重
select DISTINCT manager_id from t_mysql_employees
9.‘+’ 加号的作用
①运算符,两个操作数都为数值型
②连接符,只要有一个操作数为字符串
+号的作用
java中的+号:
①运算符,两个操作数都为数值型
②连接符,只要有一个操作数为字符串
mysql中的+号:
仅仅只有一个功能:运算符
select 'liuliu'+1
运行结果为1
运行结果为相加之和:
练习:
排序练习
#1.查询员工的姓名和部门号和年薪,按年薪降序 按姓名升序
SELECT last_name,department_id,salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) 年薪
FROM t_mysql_employees
ORDER BY 年薪 DESC,last_name ASC
#2.选择工资不在8000到17000的员工的姓名和工资,按工资降序
SELECT last_name,salary FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 8000 AND 17000 ORDER BY salary DESC
#3.查询邮箱中包含e的员工信息,并先按邮箱的字节数降序,再按部门号升序
SELECT *,LENGTH(email) FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE email LIKE '%e%' ORDER BY LENGTH(email) DESC,department_id ASC
)
二,案例
--一、表结构要求:
-- 1.学生表-t_student
-- sid 学生编号,sname 学生姓名,sage 学生年龄,ssex 学生性别
create table t_student(
sid VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY key,
sname VARCHAR(20),
sage datetime,
ssex VARCHAR(10)
)
-- 2.教师表-t_teacher
-- tid 教师编号,tname 教师名称
create table t_teacher(
tid VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
tname VARCHAR(10)
)
-- 3.课程表-t_course
-- cid 课程编号,cname 课程名称,tid 教师名称
create table t_course(
cid VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
cname VARCHAR(10),
tid VARCHAR(10)
)
-- 4.成绩表-t_score
-- sid 学生编号,cid 课程编号,score 成绩
create table t_score(
sid VARCHAR(10) ,
cid VARCHAR(10),
score int
)
--三、表数据:
-- 学生表
insert into t_student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into t_student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into t_student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');
insert into t_student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');
insert into t_student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into t_student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');
insert into t_student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');
insert into t_student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');
insert into t_student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');
insert into t_student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');
insert into t_student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');
insert into t_student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');
select * from t_student
-- 教师表
insert into t_teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into t_teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into t_teacher values('03' , '王五');
select * from t_teacher
-- 课程表
insert into t_course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into t_course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into t_course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
select * from t_course
-- 成绩表
insert into t_score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into t_score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into t_score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into t_score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into t_score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into t_score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into t_score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into t_score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into t_score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into t_score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into t_score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into t_score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into t_score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into t_score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into t_score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into t_score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into t_score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into t_score values('07' , '03' , 98);
select * from t_score
二、题目:
01)查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
select a.*,b.score,c.score from t_student a,t_score b,t_score c where a.sid=b.sid and a.sid=c.sid and b.cid='01' and c.cid='02' and b.score > c.score
02)查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况
select a.*,b.cid,c.cid from t_student a,t_score b,t_score c where a.sid=b.sid and a.sid=c.sid and b.cid='01' and c.cid='02'
03)查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
select a.*,b.cid,c.cid from t_student a,t_score b,t_score c where a.sid=b.sid and a.sid=c.sid and b.cid='01' and c.cid not in('02')
04)查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况
select a.*,b.cid,c.cid from t_student a,t_score b,t_score c where a.sid=b.sid and a.sid=c.sid and c.cid not in('01') and b.cid='02'
05)查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
select a.sid,a.sname,AVG(b.score) from t_student a,t_score b where a.sid = b.sid GROUP BY b.sid HAVING AVG(b.score)>=60
06)查询在t_score表存在成绩的学生信息
select * from t_student where sid not in(select DISTINCT(sid) from t_score)
07)查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )
select a.sid,a.sname,COUNT(b.cid),SUM(b.score) from t_student a,t_score b where a.sid = b.sid GROUP BY b.sid
08)查询「李」姓老师的数量
select count(*) from t_teacher where tname like '李%'
09)查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
select a.*,c.tname from t_student a , t_score b ,t_teacher c ,t_course d where a.sid=b.sid and b.cid = d.cid and d.tid = c.tid and b.cid='01'
10)查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
select * from t_student where sid not in(select a.sid from t_student a,t_score b,t_score c,t_score d where a.sid=b.sid and a.sid=c.sid and b.cid='01' and c.cid='02' and d.cid='03')
11)查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
select sname from t_student where sname not in(select a.sname from t_student a , t_score b ,t_teacher c ,t_course d where a.sid=b.sid and b.cid = d.cid and d.tid = c.tid and b.cid='01')
12)查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
select * from t_student a,t_score b where a.sid=b.sid and a.sid in(select c.sid from t_score c where c.score<60 GROUP BY c.sid HAVING COUNT(*)>1)
13)检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
select a.* from t_student a,t_score b where a.sid=b.sid and b.cid='01' and b.score<60 ORDER BY b.score desc
14)按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
select a.*,AVG(b.score) from t_student a,t_score b where a.sid = b.sid GROUP BY b.sid HAVING AVG(b.score)>=0 ORDER BY AVG(b.score) desc
15)查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90
要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列
select a.cid,cname,max(a.score)'最高分',min(a.score)'最低分',avg(a.score)'平均分',((select count(sid) from t_score where score>=60 and cid=b.cid )/(select count(sid) from t_score where cid=b.cid)) '及格率' from t_score a
inner join t_course b on a.cid = b.cid
group by b.cid;
查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90
要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列