文章目录
过滤查询案例所用表⬇⬇⬇⬇
一、按条件表达式筛选
案例1：查询工资>12000的员工信息
SQL语句：select * from t_mysql_employees where salary > 12000
案例2：查询部门编号不等于90号的员工名和部门编号
SQL语句：select last_name,department_id from t_mysql_employees where department_id <> 90
select last_name,department_id from t_mysql_employees where not(department_id = 90)
二、按逻辑表达式筛选
案例1：查询工资z在10000到20000之间的员工名、工资以及奖金
SQL语句：select last_name,salary,commission_pct from t_mysql_employees where salary between 10000 and 20000
select last_name,salary,commission_pct from t_mysql_employees where salary >10000 and salary <20000
案例2：查询部门编号不等于90号的员工名和部门编号
SQL语句：select * from t_mysql_employees where not(department_id between 90 and 110) or salary > 15000
三、模糊查询
1️⃣like
案例1：查询员工名中包含字符a的员工信息
SQL语句：select * from t_mysql_employees where last_name like '%a%'
案例2：查询员工名中第三个字符为e，第五个字符为a的员工名和工资
SQL语句：select * from t_mysql_employees where last_name like '_e_a%'
案例3：查询员工名中第二个字符为_的员工名
SQL语句：select * from t_mysql_employees where last_name like '_$_%' escape '$'
2️⃣between and
案例1：查询员工编号在100到120之间的员工信息
SQL语句：select * from t_mysql_employees where employee_id between 100 and 120
3️⃣in
案例：查询员工的工种编号是 IT_PROG、AD_VP、AD_PRES中的一个员工名和工种编号
SQL语句：select * from t_mysql_employees where job_id in ('IT_PROG','AD_VP','AD_PRES')
4️⃣is null
案例1：查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SQL语句：select last_name,commission_pct from t_mysql_employees where commission_pct is null
案例2：查询有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SQL语句： select last_name,commission_pct from t_mysql_employees where commission_pct = 0.4
select last_name,commission_pct from t_mysql_employees where commission_pct <=> 0.4
5️⃣安全等于 <=>
案例1：查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SQL语句：SELECT last_name,commission_pct FROM t_mysql_employees WHERE commission_pct <=>NULL
案例2：查询工资为12000的员工信息
SQL语句：select last_name,salary from t_mysql_employees where salary=12000
is null 与 <=> 区别
is null：仅仅可以判断null值，可读性较高，建议建议使用
<=>：既可以判断null值又可以判断普通的数值，可读性较低
四、order by 子句
1）按单个字段排序
案例：按员工表薪资排序
SQL语句：select * from t_mysql_employees ORDER BY salary
2）添加筛选条件再排序
案例：查询部门编号>=90的员工信息，并按员工编号降序
SQL语句：SELECT * FROM t_mysql_employees where department_id >=90 ORDER BY employee_id desc
3）按表达式排序
案例：查询员工信息 按年薪降序
SQL语句：select em.salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)),em.* from t_mysql_employees em ORDER BY em.salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) desc
4）按别名排序
案例：查询员工信息 按年薪升序
SQL语句：select count(1) as n from t_mysql_employees
SQL语句：select em.salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)),em.* from t_mysql_employees em ORDER BY em.salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) asc
5）按函数排序
案例：查询员工名，并且按名字的长度降序
SQL语句：select last_name,CONCAT(first_name,last_name),LENGTH(CONCAT(first_name,last_name)) from t_mysql_employees ORDER BY LENGTH(CONCAT(first_name,last_name)) desc
6）按多个字段排序
案例：查询员工信息，要求先按工资降序，再按employee_id升序
SQL语句：select * from t_mysql_employees ORDER BY salary desc,employee_id asc
🤷♀️排序练习
1.查询员工的姓名和部门号和年薪，按年薪降序 按姓名升序
SQL语句：select em.salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)),em.* from t_mysql_employees em order by salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) DESC , last_name ASC
2.选择工资不在8000到17000的员工的姓名和工资，按工资降序
SQL语句：select last_name,salary from t_mysql_employees where salary not between 8000 and 17000;
3.查询邮箱中包含e的员工信息，并先按邮箱的字节数降序，再按部门号升序
SQL语句：select LENGTH(email) from t_mysql_employees
select em.* ,LENGTH(email) from t_mysql_employees em order by LENGTH(email) desc ,department_id ASC
扩展练习⬇⬇⬇⬇⬇
表结构：
1.学生表-t_student
-- sid 学生编号,sname 学生姓名,sage 学生年龄,ssex 学生性别
2.教师表-t_teacher
-- tid 教师编号,tname 教师名称
3.课程表-t_course
-- cid 课程编号,cname 课程名称,tid 教师名称
4.成绩表-t_score
-- sid 学生编号,cid 课程编号,score 成绩
表数据：
-- 学生表
insert into t_student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into t_student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into t_student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');
insert into t_student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');
insert into t_student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into t_student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');
insert into t_student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');
insert into t_student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');
insert into t_student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');
insert into t_student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');
insert into t_student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');
insert into t_student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');
-- 教师表
insert into t_teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into t_teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into t_teacher values('03' , '王五');
-- 课程表
insert into t_course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into t_course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into t_course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
-- 成绩表
insert into t_score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into t_score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into t_score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into t_score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into t_score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into t_score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into t_score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into t_score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into t_score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into t_score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into t_score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into t_score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into t_score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into t_score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into t_score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into t_score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into t_score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into t_score values('07' , '03' , 98);题目：
01）查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
SQL语句及运行效果：
select * from t_student right join (
select a.sid from
(select * from t_score where cid='01') as a,
(select * from t_score where cid='02')as b where a.sid=b.sid and a.score>b.score)x on t_student.sid=x.sid
02）查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况
SQL语句及运行效果：
select a.*,b.cid,c.cid from t_student a,t_score b,t_score c where a.sid=b.sid and a.sid=c.sid and b.cid='01' and c.cid='02'
select a.*,b.score 01score,c.score 02score from t_student as a inner join t_score as b
on a.sid = b.sid
inner join t_score as c
on a.sid = c.sid and b.cid ='01' and c.cid='02'
03）查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
SQL语句及运行效果：
select * from
(select * from t_score s where s.cid='01' ) as a1
where a1.sid not in (select sid from t_score s where s.cid ='02')
04）查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况
SQL语句及运行效果：
select * from
(select * from t_score s where s.cid = '02') as a1
where a1.sid not in (select sid from t_score s where s.cid = '01')
05）查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
SQL语句及运行效果：
select a.sid,a.sname,AVG(b.score) from t_student a,t_score b where a.sid = b.sid GROUP BY b.sid HAVING AVG(b.score)>=60
06）查询在t_score表存在成绩的学生信息
SQL语句及运行效果：
select * from t_student where sid in (select sid from t_score group by sid )
07）查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )
SQL语句及运行效果：
select a.sid,a.sname,COUNT(b.cid),SUM(b.score) from t_student a,t_score b where a.sid = b.sid GROUP BY b.sid
08）查询「李」姓老师的数量
SQL语句及运行效果：
select count(*) from t_teacher where tname like '李%'
09）查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
SQL语句及运行效果：
select a.*,c.tname from t_student a , t_score b ,t_teacher c ,t_course d where a.sid=b.sid and b.cid = d.cid and d.tid = c.tid and b.cid='02'
10）查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
SQL语句及运行效果：
select * from t_student where sid not in(select a.sid from t_student a,t_score b,t_score c,t_score d where a.sid=b.sid and a.sid=c.sid and b.cid='01' and c.cid='02' and d.cid='03') 
11）查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
select s.sname from t_student s where sid not in (select sid from t_course c join t_teacher t on c.tid=t.tid join t_score on t_score.cid=c.cid where tname='张三')
SQL语句及运行效果：
select s.sname from t_student s where sid not in (select sid from t_course c join t_teacher t on c.tid=t.tid join t_score on t_score.cid=c.cid where tname='张三')
12）查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
SQL语句及运行效果：
select * from t_student a,t_score b where a.sid=b.sid and a.sid in(select c.sid from t_score c where c.score<60 GROUP BY c.sid HAVING COUNT(*)>1)
13）检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
SQL语句及运行效果：
select b.*,a.score from(
select sid,score from t_score where cid='01' and score<60 ) as a left join t_student as b on a.sid = b.sid
order by a.score desc
14）按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
SQL语句及运行效果：
select a.*,AVG(b.score) from t_student a,t_score b where a.sid = b.sid GROUP BY b.sid HAVING AVG(b.score)>=0 ORDER BY AVG(b.score) desc
15）查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：
以如下形式显示：课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90
要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列
SQL语句及运行效果：
select a.cid,cname,max(a.score)'最高分',min(a.score)'最低分',avg(a.score)'平均分',((select count(sid) from t_score where score>=60 and cid=b.cid )/(select count(sid) from t_score where cid=b.cid)) '及格率' from t_score a
inner join t_course b on a.cid = b.cid
group by b.cid;
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