shell脚本字符串玩法

1 用法说明

• 从变量头开始删除匹配最短word子串
  ${变量#word}
• 从变量头开始删除最长匹配的word
  ${变量##word}
• 从变量结尾删除匹配最短的word
  ${变量%word}
• 从变量结尾删除匹配最长word
  ${变量%%word}
• 返回变量start数值之后的字符，且包含start（start表示字符串中字符的位置）
  ${变量:start}
• 提取start之后的length限制字符个数（start表示字符串中字符的位置，length表示字符个数）
  ${变量:start:length}
• 返回变量的长度
  ${#变量}
  上面这种是最节省时间的，也可以
  echo ${变量} | wc -L
  expr length ${变量}
  echo $变量|awk ‘{print length($0)}’
• 替换：
  用string去替换第一个查找到的第一个parttern
  ${变量/parttern/string}
  用string去替换查找到的所有parttern
  ${变量//parttern/string}

例子：

#!/bin/bash
name="hellloskljdlskajfdklja"

echo ${#name}
echo ${name} | wc -l
echo ${name} | wc -L
expr length ${name}
echo $name |awk '{print length($0)}'

#验证时间长短
time echo ${#name}
time echo ${name} | wc -l
time echo ${name} | wc -L
time expr length ${name}
time echo $name |awk '{print length($0)}'

echo ${name:4}
echo ${name:4:8}
echo "-----" ${name##helllo}

str="abcABC123ABCabc"

echo ${str##abc} #a*c
echo ${str#abc} #a*c
echo ${str%abc} # a*c
echo ${str%%a*c}
echo ${str/abc/kli}	
echo ${str//abc/kli}

echo ${name/helllo/nihao}

批量修改文件名例子

#!/bin/bash

rm -rvf *.jpg *.png

#for var in {1..5}
#do
#	touch "kli_"${var}"_finished.png"
#	touch "kli_"${var}"_finished.jpg"
#done
	touch "kli_"{1..5}"_finished.png"
	touch "kli_"{1..5}"_finished.jpg"
	
ls

for var in `ls | grep kli`
do
	mv $var ${var//_finished/}
done
ls
for var in `ls | grep kli`
do
	mv $var  ${var//./_finished.}
done
ls