head 命令 – 显示文件开头的内容

head 命令的功能是显示文件开头的内容，默认为前10行。

一、语法格式

head [参数] 文件

二、常用参数

-n <数字>	定义显示行数
-c <数字>	指定显示头部内容的字符数
-v	总是显示文件名的头信息
-q	不显示文件名的头信息

三、命令实战

3.1 默认显示文件前10行

 [root@linux1 ~]# head /var/log/messages
 Apr 23 11:01:01 linux1 systemd: Started Session 3 of user root.
 Apr 23 12:01:01 linux1 systemd: Started Session 4 of user root.
 Apr 23 13:11:10 linux1 kernel: e1000: ens32 NIC Link is Down
 Apr 23 13:11:10 linux1 systemd: Time has been changed
 Apr 23 13:11:14 linux1 chronyd[803]: Forward time jump detected!
 Apr 23 13:11:14 linux1 chronyd[803]: Can't synchronise: no selectable sources
 Apr 23 13:11:16 linux1 kernel: e1000: ens32 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
 Apr 23 13:11:16 linux1 NetworkManager[783]: <info>  [1682226676.2885] device (ens32): carrier: link connected
 Apr 23 13:14:29 linux1 chronyd[803]: Selected source 119.28.183.184
 Apr 23 13:16:38 linux1 chronyd[803]: Selected source 202.118.1.81

3.2 指定显示文件前5行内容

 [root@linux1 ~]# head -n 5 /var/log/messages
 Apr 23 11:01:01 linux1 systemd: Started Session 3 of user root.
 Apr 23 12:01:01 linux1 systemd: Started Session 4 of user root.
 Apr 23 13:11:10 linux1 kernel: e1000: ens32 NIC Link is Down
 Apr 23 13:11:10 linux1 systemd: Time has been changed
 Apr 23 13:11:14 linux1 chronyd[803]: Forward time jump detected!
 ​

3.3 指定显示文件前200个字符

 [root@linux1 ~]# head -c 200 /var/log/messages
 Apr 23 11:01:01 linux1 systemd: Started Session 3 of user root.
 Apr 23 12:01:01 linux1 systemd: Started Session 4 of user root.
 Apr 23 13:11:10 linux1 kernel: e1000: ens32 NIC Link is Down