在51单片机中,独立按键是指S1,S2,S3,S4这四个按键,按键对于单片机的操作非常重要,学会独立按键的使用也可以更好的学会矩阵按键,更加熟练的掌握单片机
接下来,以这道例题为例,讲解一下独立按键的使用方法。
首先,我们先将所有独立按键与LED灯进行定义,此步骤请参考电路原理图。
sbit S7 = P3^0;
sbit S6 = P3^1;
sbit S5 = P3^2;
sbit S4 = P3^3;
sbit L1 = P0^0;
sbit L2 = P0^1;
sbit L3 = P0^2;
sbit L4 = P0^3;
sbit L5 = P0^4;
sbit L6 = P0^5;
sbit L7 = P0^6;
sbit L8 = P0^7;
接着便是老生常谈的寄存器的使用(背都要背下来!)
void Slect573(unsigned char n)
{
switch(n)
{
case 4:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0x80;
break;
case 5:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xa0;
break;
case 6:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xc0;
break;
case 7:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xe0;
break;
}
}
接着,我们需要写一段简单的延时函数来消除抖动,排除干扰信号(该操作主要是因为按键可能因为一些外部原因导致抖动,导致引脚收到感应,这步是为了按键必须按一定的时间才会被确定为按下)
void DelayK(unsigned char t)
{
while(t--);
}
接着,便是我们最核心的部分了,也就是实现主体功能
首先,我们要判定按键是否按下,于是我们便写一个if函数来侦察,如果按下,我们便进行一次延时消除抖动,然后再判断一次是否按下(实名怀疑这布的意义),于是,我们便可以让LED灯亮起来了,但是我们这是一个if判断语句,不具备循环效果,于是,我们可以加入一段while代码,来让灯在按下的时候一直亮着,如果松开,则熄灭
void DelayK(unsigned char t)
{
while(t--);
}
void ScanK()
{
if(S7 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S7 == 0)
{
L1 = 0;
while(S7 == 0);
L1 = 1;
}
}
if(S6 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S6 == 0)
{
L2 = 0;
while(S6 == 0);
L2 = 1;
}
}
if(S5 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S5 == 0)
{
L3 = 0;
while(S5 == 0);
L3 = 1;
}
}
if(S4 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S4 == 0)
{
L4 = 0;
while(S4 == 0);
L4 = 1;
}
}
}
整合以后,我们便完成第一个任务啦!
#include "reg52.h"
sbit S7 = P3^0;
sbit S6 = P3^1;
sbit S5 = P3^2;
sbit S4 = P3^3;
sbit L1 = P0^0;
sbit L2 = P0^1;
sbit L3 = P0^2;
sbit L4 = P0^3;
sbit L5 = P0^4;
sbit L6 = P0^5;
sbit L7 = P0^6;
sbit L8 = P0^7;
void Slect573(unsigned char n)
{
switch(n)
{
case 4:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0x80;
break;
case 5:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xa0;
break;
case 6:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xc0;
break;
case 7:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xe0;
break;
}
}
void DelayK(unsigned char t)
{
while(t--);
}
void ScanK()
{
if(S7 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S7 == 0)
{
L1 = 0;
while(S7 == 0);
L1 = 1;
}
}
if(S6 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S6 == 0)
{
L2 = 0;
while(S6 == 0);
L2 = 1;
}
}
if(S5 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S5 == 0)
{
L3 = 0;
while(S5 == 0);
L3 = 1;
}
}
if(S4 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S4 == 0)
{
L4 = 0;
while(S4 == 0);
L4 = 1;
}
}
}
void main()
{
Slect573(4);
while(1)
{
ScanK();
}
}
但是,我们也可以拓展一下,比较完善的学会独立按键
首先,我们先看一下题目,在大致了解题目以后,我们便可以开始敲代码了。
题目要求S7和S6只能存一,所以我们先设置出一个状态量,来判断S7和S8谁被按下了
unsigned char statK = 0;
接着,我们写代码来让statK随着S7或S8的按下而发生改变。
if(S7 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(statK == 0)
{
L1 = 0;
statK = 1;
}
else if(statK == 1)
{
DelayK(100);
L1 = 1;
statK = 0;
}
while(S7 == 0);
}
if(S6 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(statK == 0)
{
L2 = 0;
statK = 2;
}
else if(statK == 2)
{
DelayK(100);
L2 = 1;
statK = 0;
}
while(S6 == 0);
代码中若缺少while(S6/7 == 0);,会导致板子感应到多次被按下,影响操作
接着,我们便可以继续写S7与S8被按下以后的状态了
if(statK == 1)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S5 == 0)
{
L3 = 0;
while(S5 == 0);
L3 = 1;
}
if(S4 == 0)
{
L4 = 0;
while(S4 == 0);
L4 = 1;
}
}
if(statK == 2)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S5 == 0)
{
L5 = 0;
while(S5 == 0);
L5 = 1;
}
if(S4 == 0)
{
L6 = 0;
while(S4 == 0);
L6 = 1;
}
}
于是,这段代码便呈现出这样的总体样子
#include "reg52.h"
sbit S7 = P3^0;
sbit S6 = P3^1;
sbit S5 = P3^2;
sbit S4 = P3^3;
sbit L1 = P0^0;
sbit L2 = P0^1;
sbit L3 = P0^2;
sbit L4 = P0^3;
sbit L5 = P0^4;
sbit L6 = P0^5;
sbit L7 = P0^6;
sbit L8 = P0^7;
void Slect573(unsigned char n)
{
switch(n)
{
case 4:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0x80;
break;
case 5:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xa0;
break;
case 6:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xc0;
break;
case 7:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xe0;
break;
}
}
void DelayK(unsigned char t)
{
while(t--);
}
unsigned char statK = 0;
void ScanKey()
{
if(S7 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(statK == 0)
{
L1 = 0;
statK = 1;
}
else if(statK == 1)
{
DelayK(100);
L1 = 1;
statK = 0;
}
while(S7 == 0);
}
if(S6 == 0)
{
DelayK(100);
if(statK == 0)
{
L2 = 0;
statK = 2;
}
else if(statK == 2)
{
DelayK(100);
L2 = 1;
statK = 0;
}
while(S6 == 0);
}
if(statK == 1)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S5 == 0)
{
L3 = 0;
while(S5 == 0);
L3 = 1;
}
if(S4 == 0)
{
L4 = 0;
while(S4 == 0);
L4 = 1;
}
}
if(statK == 2)
{
DelayK(100);
if(S5 == 0)
{
L5 = 0;
while(S5 == 0);
L5 = 1;
}
if(S4 == 0)
{
L6 = 0;
while(S4 == 0);
L6 = 1;
}
}
}
void main()
{
Slect573(4);
while(1)
{
ScanKey();
}
}