Docker-基础

一,Docker简介,功能特性与应用场景

1.1 Docker简介

  • Docker是一个开源的应用容器引擎,让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的Linux机器上,也可以实现虚拟化,容器是完全使用沙箱机制,相互之间不会有任何接口。

  • 一个完整的Docker有以下几个部分组成:

    • Docker Client 客户端
    • Docker Daemon 守护进程
    • Docker Image 镜像
    • Docker Container 容器

1.2 Docker功能特性

  • 隔离环境(系统,网络,文件系统)与应用
  • 解决依赖与版本问题
  • 易于分发,开箱即用
  • 节点与容器快速扩容
  • 镜像制作简单便捷,管理方便

(1)隔离

  • 通过cgroup(隔离和跟踪资源的使用)& namespace(组与组之间隔离)来实现轻量级的进程隔离
  • 对于容器中运行的进程来说,自己独占了一个系统
  • 容器间网络,文件及其他资源都互相隔离

(2)版本与依赖

  • 传统模式下,多个不同环境或版本的项目需要部署在不同机器上,部署与后期维护管理复杂繁琐。
  • 使用Docker,通过多个不同版本或者环境的镜像,可以同时运行在一台机器上互不干扰,部署与后期维护简单方便。

(3)分发与使用

  • 镜像可以通过导入,导出,上传到镜像仓库等多种方式进行分发
  • 在启动了Docker的系统上直接使用docker run即可启动镜像,无需特别配置。

(4)扩容

  • 容器扩容简单方便
  • 扩容节点只需安装并启动Docker即可

(5)镜像制作

  • 镜像的灵魂Dockerfile
  • 使用Dockerfile进行指令控制
  • 基于Linux命令,易于理解,快速上手
  • 易于定制与修改

1.3 Docker应用场景

  • Docker通常应用于如下场景:

    • web应用的自动化打包和发布;
    • 自动化测试和持续集成,发布;
    • 应用服务,如MySQL,Redis等,通过Docker实现快速部署;
    • k8s私有云

二,Docker的安装

2.1 安装环境

最小化安装Centos7.5

[root@Docker ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 
[root@Docker ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64
关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@Docker ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@Docker ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@Docker ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

2.2 版本选择

  • Docker

    • 17.03之后版本变为Docker CE
  • Docker CE

    • 社区版,Community Edition
  • Docker EE

    • 企业版,Enterprise Edition
    • 收费版本,强调安全性,提供一些高级特性及商业支持

2.3 Docker安装:标准版本

特别提示:
centos7.5在搭建本地yum仓库的时候只需要修改
CentOS-Media.repo 文件即可(不需要将其他文件仍子目录里)
确保虚拟机能正常上网

[root@Docker ~]# yum -y install docker
[root@Docker ~]# systemctl start docker #启动docker进程
[root@Docker ~]# systemctl enable docker    #加入docker开机启动
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps  #查看封装在docker镜像中的正在运行的镜像进程
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@Docker ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:         1.13.1
 API version:     1.26
 Package version: docker-1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64
 Go version:      go1.9.4
 Git commit:      94f4240/1.13.1
 Built:           Fri May 18 15:44:33 2018
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64
Server:
 Version:         1.13.1
 API version:     1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
 Package version: docker-1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64
 Go version:      go1.9.4
 Git commit:      94f4240/1.13.1
 Built:           Fri May 18 15:44:33 2018
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64
 Experimental:    false

2.4 Docker安装:CE社区版

首先清理掉yum安装的docker标准版
这里有两种方式

#第一种清理docker方法
[root@Docker ~]# yum -y remove docker
#第二种清理docker方法
[root@Docker ~]# yum history list   #查看yum安装的历史列表
已加载插件:fastestmirror
ID     | 登录用户                 | 日期和时间       | 操作           | 变更数 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     6 | root <root>              | 2018-07-02 22:30 | Install        |   17 EE         #这次就是安装的docker
     5 | root <root>              | 2018-07-02 20:08 | I, U           |   60   
     4 | root <root>              | 2018-07-03 03:54 | Install        |   93   
     3 | root <root>              | 2018-07-03 03:53 | Install        |    1   
     2 | root <root>              | 2018-07-03 03:53 | Install        |    1   
     1 | 系统 <空>                | 2018-07-03 03:46 | Install        |  313   
history list
[root@Docker ~]# yum history info 6     #查看yum历史安装ID为6的安装信息
已加载插件:fastestmirror
事务 ID: 6
起始时间    : Mon Jul  2 22:30:11 2018
启动 RPM 数据库     : 409:3aba29f1d5b7e2d7ff3ed9f169ec4a2225595390
结束时间       :            22:30:27 2018 (16 秒)
结束 RPM 数据库      : 426:28338758ec6a2332cabb3a1439336bd451c52366
用户           : root <root>
返回码    : 成功
命令行   : -y install docker
事务完成属主:
    已安装 rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64                      @anaconda
    已安装 yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch               @anaconda
    已安装 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch @anaconda
已变更的包:
    依赖安装 audit-libs-python-2.8.1-3.el7.x86_64                         @base
    依赖安装 checkpolicy-2.5-6.el7.x86_64                                 @base
    依赖安装 container-selinux-2:2.55-1.el7.noarch                        @extras
    依赖安装 container-storage-setup-0.9.0-1.rhel75.gite0997c3.el7.noarch @extras
    安装 docker-2:1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64              @extras
    依赖安装 docker-client-2:1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64       @extras
    依赖安装 docker-common-2:1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64       @extras
    依赖安装 libcgroup-0.41-15.el7.x86_64                                 @base
    依赖安装 libsemanage-python-2.5-11.el7.x86_64                         @base
    依赖安装 oci-register-machine-1:0-6.git2b44233.el7.x86_64             @extras
    依赖安装 oci-systemd-hook-1:0.1.15-2.gitc04483d.el7.x86_64            @extras
    依赖安装 oci-umount-2:2.3.3-3.gite3c9055.el7.x86_64                   @extras
    依赖安装 policycoreutils-python-2.5-22.el7.x86_64                     @base
    依赖安装 python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch                                 @base
    依赖安装 setools-libs-3.3.8-2.el7.x86_64                              @base
    依赖安装 skopeo-containers-1:0.1.29-3.dev.git7add6fc.el7.0.x86_64     @extras
    依赖安装 yajl-2.0.4-4.el7.x86_64                                      @base
Scriptlet 输出:
   1 setsebool:  SELinux is disabled.
history info
[root@Docker ~]# yum -y history undo 6  #进行yum安装操作回退

特别提示:
yum的回退安装在工作中很有用,请留心学习
接下来我们安装Docker的CE社区版

#安装依赖包
[root@Docker ~]# yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
#添加docker的CE版本的yum源配置文件
[root@Docker ~]# curl https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2424  100  2424    0     0   2544      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  2543
[root@Docker ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2424 7月   2 23:00 /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
#安装CE版本的docker
[root@Docker ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
[root@Docker ~]# systemctl start docker #启动docker
[root@Docker ~]# systemctl enable docker   #添加开机启动
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@Docker ~]# docker version #查看docker版本
Client:
 Version:      18.03.1-ce
 API version:  1.37
 Go version:   go1.9.5
 Git commit:   9ee9f40
 Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:20:16 2018
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false
 Orchestrator: swarm
Server:
 Engine:
  Version:      18.03.1-ce
  API version:  1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:   go1.9.5
  Git commit:   9ee9f40
  Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:23:58 2018
  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  Experimental: false

三,Docker的操作命令

3.0 添加docker国内镜像源

在开始学习docker之前,我们首先要更改一下docker的默认源镜像下载地址(默认是从国外下载,很慢),我们需要添加国内的源地址

[root@docker ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
  "registry-mirrors":[ "https://81l9w6xn.mirror.aliyuncs.com" ]
}
[root@docker ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@docker ~]# systemctl restart docker

3.1 Docker命令:search

用于从docker的官方公有镜像仓库查找镜像
(1)查看Docker Hub上公开的centos镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker search centos
NAME                DESCRIPTION                  STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
centos       The official build of CentOS.        4419                [OK]                
...以下省略无数行....                               
特别说明:
Name:镜像的名字
DESCRIPTION:描述
STARS:星级(越高越好)
OFFICIAL:是否是官方发布的
AUTOMATED:是否自动化的

(2)查找星级多于100的centos镜像

root@docker ~]# docker search centos -f stars=100
NAME                      DESCRIPTION                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
centos                    The official build of CentOS.   4419                [OK]                
ansible/centos7-ansible   Ansible on Centos7              114                                     [OK]
特别提示:
/:符号用于分割作者名称和镜像名称
ansible/centos7-ansible:ansible是作者名称,centos7-ansible是镜像名称

(3)多条件查找–filter

#查找官方发布的,星级大于100的centos镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker search centos --filter is-official=true --filter stars=100
NAME                DESCRIPTION                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
centos              The official build of CentOS.   4419                [OK]                

3.2 Docker命令:pull

用于从Docker Hub上下载公有镜像

#查找符合条件的hello-world镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker search hello-world --filter is-official=true --filter stars=100 
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
hello-world         Hello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…   572                 [OK]    
#下载目标hello-world镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
9bb5a5d4561a: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:3e1764d0f546ceac4565547df2ac4907fe46f007ea229fd7ef2718514bcec35d
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest       #下载成功latest是标记tag
#下载目标centos:7镜像
[root@docker 7]# docker pull centos:7   #网速不好的话,需要点时间耐心等待

3.3 Docker命令:images

用于本地镜像的查看

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos               7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
hello-world          latest              e38bc07ac18e        2 months ago        1.85kB
特别说明:
REPOSITORY:镜像仓库(下边罗列的都是本地已有镜像名称)
TAG:镜像的标记(为了区分同名镜像)
IMAGES ID:镜像的ID号
CREATED:此镜像的创建时间
SIZE:此镜像的大小

3.4 Docker命令:build

用于本地自定义镜像的构建,需要创建Dockerfile文件

#创建Dockerfile文件的存储目录
[root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/7
[root@docker ~]# cd /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/7
#创建docker.sh脚本
[root@docker 7]# vim docker.sh 
[root@docker 7]# cat docker.sh 
#!/bin/bash
while true
do
    echo "welcome"
    sleep 5
done
#创建Dockerfile配置文件,文件名称必须为Dockerfile,第一个字母必须大写
[root@docker 7]# vim Dockerfile 
[root@docker 7]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM centos     #从centos源镜像的基础上进行构建
LABEL MAINTATNER="Mr.chen.com"  #作者的名称
RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime   #RUN:在镜像构建过程中运行命令
ADD docker.sh /home/test/   #从本地系统中把docker.sh文件添加到构建中的镜像的/home/test/目录下
RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh   #在镜像构建过程中运行命令
CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"]        #构建镜像完成时,最后执行的命令
#根据Dockfile配置文件构建一个自定义镜像
[root@docker 7]# docker build -t Mr.chen/centos7:1 .    #-t 指定镜像名称  :1  设定镜像的tag标记
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/6 : FROM centos
 ---> 49f7960eb7e4
Step 2/6 : LABEL MAINTATNER="Mr.chen.com"
 ---> Running in 2537e36ba496
Removing intermediate container 2537e36ba496
 ---> 1a932d4c7762
Step 3/6 : RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
 ---> Running in 7890b38ae948
'/etc/localtime' -> '/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai'
Removing intermediate container 7890b38ae948
 ---> 82c412669879
Step 4/6 : ADD docker.sh /home/test/
 ---> 8f092336a175
Step 5/6 : RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh
 ---> Running in b034c6f7439f
Removing intermediate container b034c6f7439f
 ---> f6587dbd78dd
Step 6/6 : CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"]
 ---> Running in cd13edcd6632
Removing intermediate container cd13edcd6632
 ---> 58af3ad826d2 
Successfully built 58af3ad826d2     #构建成功
Successfully tagged Mr.chen/centos7:1
[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
Mr.chen/centos7      1                   58af3ad826d2        57 seconds ago      200MB  #TAG为1
centos               7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
hello-world          latest              e38bc07ac18e        2 months ago        1.85kB

3.5 Docker命令:run

运行一个本地镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
Mr.chen/centos7      1                   58af3ad826d2        26 minutes ago      200MB
centos               7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos               latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
jdeathe/centos-ssh   latest              563e45ee6e12        2 months ago        219MB
hello-world          latest              e38bc07ac18e        2 months ago        1.85kB
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -it 58af3ad826d2
093e4fb8b09c8082c4749ad34db09c58f43111e447bbaccdd527d558a12f4404
特别提示:
docker run:运行一个指定的images id
-d:放在后台运行
-i:可以进行命令交互
-t:制作一个伪终端用于登陆
58af3ad826d2:镜像的ID,可以简写成58a

3.6 Docker命令:ps

查看已经运行的镜像的进程

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #查看所有运行的镜像进程(包含退出的exit)
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE           COMMAND         CREATED         STATUS          PORTS           NAMES
093e4fb8b09c    58af3ad826d2    "/bin/bash"     4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes                gallant_ptolemy
特别提示:
STATUS:进程的状态,UP表示正在运行中,EXIT表示已经退出了。

3.7 Docker命令:attach

从本地系统中切入到某个STATUS状态是UP的镜像进程里

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes                            gallant_ptolemy
[root@docker ~]# docker attach 093e4fb8b09c #切入到容器号为093e4fb8b09c的镜像进程里
[root@093e4fb8b09c /]# ls   #已经进入容器里了
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@093e4fb8b09c /]# exit #退出容器
exit
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #容器的进程的STATUS已经处于EXIT状态(之前是后台运行的,切入进去后执行exit就等于手动退出了)
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Exited (127) 11 seconds ago                       gallant_ptolemy

3.8 Docker命令:stop

用于停止一个正在运行着的容器进程

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Exited (127) 3 minutes ago                       gallant_ptolemy
#再次在后台启动一个镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -it 58af3ad826d2 /bin/bash
ceb6682bd574a78d0072121c095ba5f22569fa46c2ec00f203f4b0a988cb75a5
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #增加了一个容器进程
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds                                     affectionate_agnesi
093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Exited (127) 3 minutes ago                       gallant_ptolemy
#停止一个运行着的容器进程
[root@docker ~]# docker stop ceb6682bd574
ceb6682bd574
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Exited (137) 13 seconds ago                       affectionate_agnesi
093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         14 minutes ago      Exited (127) 5 minutes ago                        gallant_ptolemy

3.9 Docker命令:start

用于启动一个已经停止了的容器进程

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Exited (137) 13 seconds ago                       affectionate_agnesi
093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         14 minutes ago      Exited (127) 5 minutes ago                        gallant_ptolemy
[root@docker ~]# docker start ceb6682bd574
ceb6682bd574
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Up 2 seconds                                     affectionate_agnesi
093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         15 minutes ago      Exited (127) 6 minutes ago                       gallant_ptolemy

3.10 Docker命令:rm

用于删除一个已经停止了的容器进程

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Up 2 seconds                                     affectionate_agnesi
093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         15 minutes ago      Exited (127) 6 minutes ago                       gallant_ptolemy
[root@docker ~]# docker rm 093e4fb8b09c
093e4fb8b09c
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Up About a minute                       affectionate_agnesi
[root@docker ~]# docker rm ceb6682bd574 #注意运行中的容器进程需要先stop,才能删除
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container ceb6682bd574a78d0072121c095ba5f22569fa46c2ec00f203f4b0a988cb75a5. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

3.11 Docker命令:rmi

用于删除一个未用作容器启动的本地镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        About an hour ago   200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
hello-world         latest              e38bc07ac18e        2 months ago        1.85kB
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi -f e38bc07ac18e #-f 强制删除(即便被占用)
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:3e1764d0f546ceac4565547df2ac4907fe46f007ea229fd7ef2718514bcec35d
Deleted: sha256:e38bc07ac18ee64e6d59cf2eafcdddf9cec2364dfe129fe0af75f1b0194e0c96
Deleted: sha256:2b8cbd0846c5aeaa7265323e7cf085779eaf244ccbdd982c4931aef9be0d2faf
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        About an hour ago   200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 58af3ad826d2    #但要注意,被用作容器启动的镜像是不能删除的(需先rm删除容器进程)
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 58af3ad826d2 (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container ceb6682bd574
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi -f 58af3ad826d2 #强行删除被容器进程占用的镜像也是不行的
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 58af3ad826d2 (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container ceb6682bd574
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #查看容器进程,被占用中
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                            affectionate_agnesi

3.12 Docker命令:commit

将一个更改过的容器进程的容器状态保存为一个新的镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #查看启动的容器进程
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       tender_dubinsky

[root@docker ~]# docker attach 5af7d28b054e #切入容器进程

[root@5af7d28b054e /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@5af7d28b054e /]# mkdir yunjisuan  #在容器进程里创建yunjisuan目录
[root@5af7d28b054e /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var  yunjisuan

[root@5af7d28b054e /]# exit #退出容器进程
exit

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 seconds ago                       tender_dubinsky
[root@docker ~]# docker commit 5af7d28b054e Mr.chen/centos:2    #将更改后的容器进程保存为一个新的镜像
sha256:5620f1cb9e8eac8ea79f95e6f5786f8503f6ac12428bd3e9dc8197a173e426b8

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        4 seconds ago       200MB   #保存成功
Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        21 hours ago        200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB

#启动新保存的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -it 5620f1cb9e8e /bin/bash
aeda0a4b7e85e940945ce7e318c9ef56ad720cfc9c586b1b0f79bbcd1cf232e6
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #查看新镜像的容器进程
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
aeda0a4b7e85        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         3 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds                                   zealous_goldstine
5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         7 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky
[root@docker ~]# docker attach aeda0a4b7e85 #切入新镜像的容器进程
[root@aeda0a4b7e85 /]# ls -d yunjisuan  #我们发现之前创建的目录仍旧存在
yunjisuan

3.13 Docker命令:exec

用于从本地操作系统上直接向容器进程发布执行命令并返回结果

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
aeda0a4b7e85        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         6 minutes ago       Up 4 seconds                                    zealous_goldstine
5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         13 minutes ago      Exited (0) 11 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky
[root@docker ~]# docker exec aeda0a4b7e85 ls /tmp   #查看容器进程里的/tmp目录下所有内容
ks-script-3QMvMi
yum.log
[root@docker ~]# docker exec aeda0a4b7e85 ls -d /yunjisuan #查看容器进程里/yunjisuan目录
/yunjisuan

3.14 Docker命令:cp

用于在容器进程和本地系统之间复制文件

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a  
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
aeda0a4b7e85        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                                    zealous_goldstine
5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         16 minutes ago      Exited (0) 14 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky
[root@docker ~]# docker exec aeda0a4b7e85 ls /tmp #向容器进程发布命令
ks-script-3QMvMi
yum.log
[root@docker ~]# docker cp aeda0a4b7e85:/tmp/yum.log .  #将指定容器进程的/tmp/yum.log复制到当前目录下
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dockerfile  nohup.out  ping.out  yum.log   #已经复制过来了
[root@docker ~]# docker cp anaconda-ks.cfg aeda0a4b7e85:/tmp/   #将本地文件复制到容器进程里
[root@docker ~]# docker exec aeda0a4b7e85 ls /tmp
anaconda-ks.cfg         #复制成功 
ks-script-3QMvMi
yum.log

3.15 Docker命令:create

用于创建一个容器进程,但是并不启动它

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        22 minutes ago      200MB
Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        22 hours ago        200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker ~]# docker create -it 5620f1cb9e8e #创建一个镜像的容器进程,但不直接启动
6040b7b6decee3701444af0e6258f7af506e2e1bed4967e9fa5d67fe9bd599e8
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
6040b7b6dece        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         3 seconds ago       Created                                        nifty_yalow  #创建状态并未启动
5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         25 minutes ago      Exited (0) 23 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky
[root@docker ~]# docker start 6040b7b6dece  #启动容器进程
6040b7b6dece
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
6040b7b6dece        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         17 seconds ago      Up 1 second                                     nifty_yalow
5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         26 minutes ago      Exited (0) 23 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky

3.16 Docker命令:diff

查看容器进程与源镜像做对比,发生了改变的文件或文件夹

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        11 hours ago        200MB
Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        32 hours ago        200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -it 5620f1cb9e8e #启动一个镜像的容器进程
ab06a9794e45ca35ab5f4594d630ecbe3527814233cc004d4deb8aafde2906f8
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ab06a9794e45        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds                            confident_snyder
[root@docker ~]# docker attach ab06a9794e45 #切入容器进程
[root@ab06a9794e45 /]# cd /yunjisuan/
[root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# pwd
/yunjisuan
[root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# touch {1..10}    #在容器进程中创建文件
[root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# ls
1  10  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
[root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# exit #退出容器进程
exit
[root@docker ~]# docker diff ab06a9794e45   #查看容器进程的变化
C /root/.bash_history
C /yunjisuan
A /yunjisuan/1
A /yunjisuan/10
A /yunjisuan/2
A /yunjisuan/3
A /yunjisuan/4
A /yunjisuan/5
A /yunjisuan/6
A /yunjisuan/7
A /yunjisuan/8
A /yunjisuan/9

3.17 Docker命令:events

时时监测容器的变化情况

[root@docker ~]# docker events
2018-07-06T09:11:23.938963932+08:00 network connect c03e38ce8c0e54511899c4ad34b37adaa6339b68e44478072b7d9a4129afdb7a (container=ab06a9794e45ca35ab5f4594d630ecbe3527814233cc004d4deb8aafde2906f8, name=bridge, type=bridge)
2018-07-06T09:11:24.096366168+08:00 container start ab06a9794e45ca35ab5f4594d630ecbe3527814233cc004d4deb8aafde2906f8 (MAINTATNER=Mr.chen.com, image=5620f1cb9e8e, name=confident_snyder, org.label-schema.schema-version== 1.0     org.label-schema.name=CentOS Base Image     org.label-schema.vendor=CentOS     org.label-schema.license=GPLv2     org.label-schema.build-date=20180531)

前台时时监控容器的变化若要检测,需要另外再起一个窗口进行操作

3.18 Docker命令:export

将容器进程的文件系统导出到本地

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ab06a9794e45        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         About an hour ago   Up About an hour                        confident_snyder
[root@docker ~]# docker export ab06a9794e45 > test.tar  #将容器进程导出成一个tar包
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dockerfile  nohup.out  ping.out  test.tar  yum.log

3.19 Docker命令:import

用于将export导出的文件系统创建为一个镜像

[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dockerfile  nohup.out  ping.out  test.tar  yum.log
[root@docker ~]# docker import test.tar Mr.chen/centos:3    #将导出的tar包文件系统生成一个新的镜像
sha256:745606e08231f270d40fe2bff574f10b60144e52accd79772c0ed8c739da015a
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
Mr.chen/centos      3                   745606e08231        4 seconds ago       200MB
Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        13 hours ago        200MB
Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        34 hours ago        200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB

3.20 Docker命令:history

用于查看一个镜像的历史修改纪录

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
Mr.chen/centos      3                   745606e08231        4 seconds ago       200MB
Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        13 hours ago        200MB
Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        34 hours ago        200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker ~]# docker history 745606e08231
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY          SIZE                COMMENT
745606e08231        6 minutes ago                           200MB               Imported from -
[root@docker ~]# docker history 5620f1cb9e8e
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
5620f1cb9e8e        13 hours ago        /bin/bash                                       27B                 
58af3ad826d2        34 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/home/test/docker.s…   0B                  
f6587dbd78dd        34 hours ago        /bin/sh -c chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh        57B                 
8f092336a175        34 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:84ec58f8405b16017…   57B                 
82c412669879        34 hours ago        /bin/sh -c ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/…   33B                 
1a932d4c7762        34 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL MAINTATNER=Mr.chen.…   0B                  
49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B                  
<missing>           4 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B                  
<missing>           4 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:8f4b3be0c1427b158…   200MB

3.21 Docker命令:info

用于查看当前操作系统的docker运行信息

[root@docker ~]# docker info
Containers: 1   #容器进程1个
 Running: 1     #正在运行状态的容器1个
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 0
Images: 8       #一共有8个镜像
Server Version: 18.03.1-ce
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: xfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 773c489c9c1b21a6d78b5c538cd395416ec50f88
runc version: 4fc53a81fb7c994640722ac585fa9ca548971871
init version: 949e6fa
Security Options:
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 974.6MiB
Name: docker
ID: IZLC:3CEK:YWIH:CEWB:SHHI:BUAY:B3I5:GGN6:BW4E:4O2Z:FVAD:DMPI
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false

3.22 Docker命令:inspect

查看某个镜像的详细信息

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
Mr.chen/centos      3                   745606e08231        12 minutes ago      200MB
Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        13 hours ago        200MB
Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        34 hours ago        200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect 745606e08231
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:745606e08231f270d40fe2bff574f10b60144e52accd79772c0ed8c739da015a",
        "RepoTags": [
            "Mr.chen/centos:3"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "Imported from -",
        "Created": "2018-07-06T02:36:40.100685513Z",
        "Container": "",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": null,
            "Cmd": null,
            "Image": "",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": null
        },
        "DockerVersion": "18.03.1-ce",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": null,
            "Cmd": null,
            "Image": "",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": null
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 199678439,
        "VirtualSize": 199678439,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a5c2a8fae1f8ccde01cbb408f8ad3d35d613c35eb0384395d4d0a5c40d9823cf/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a5c2a8fae1f8ccde01cbb408f8ad3d35d613c35eb0384395d4d0a5c40d9823cf/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a5c2a8fae1f8ccde01cbb408f8ad3d35d613c35eb0384395d4d0a5c40d9823cf/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:168843d36816cba72e7a483e5d6ce0fe89a6755fe86704d162306082f4300a8c"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "2018-07-06T10:36:40.101585642+08:00"
        }
    }
]

3.23 Docker命令:kill

强行停止一个或多个正在运行状态的容器进程

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ab06a9794e45        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         2 hours ago         Up 2 hours                              confident_snyder
[root@docker ~]# docker kill ab06a9794e45
ab06a9794e45
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
ab06a9794e45        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         2 hours ago         Exited (137) 1 second ago                       confident_snyder

3.24 Docker命令:save

用于将一个镜像的文件系统导出到本地(export导出的是容器)

#重新build一个镜像
[root@docker ~]# cd dockerfile/lib/centos/7/
[root@docker 7]# docker build -t test:1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/6 : FROM centos
 ---> 49f7960eb7e4
Step 2/6 : LABEL MAINTATNER="Mr.chen.com"
 ---> Running in 9c71d8d0c8d9
Removing intermediate container 9c71d8d0c8d9
 ---> c719db6a38bb
Step 3/6 : RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
 ---> Running in 39436af722de
'/etc/localtime' -> '/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai'
Removing intermediate container 39436af722de
 ---> c80e63f73145
Step 4/6 : ADD docker.sh /home/test/
 ---> fa1179b1ab73
Step 5/6 : RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh
 ---> Running in 5a0243641c71
Removing intermediate container 5a0243641c71
 ---> f4fe4b82300c
Step 6/6 : CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"]
 ---> Running in f259134ac5be
Removing intermediate container f259134ac5be
 ---> cc87aef92b66
Successfully built cc87aef92b66
Successfully tagged test:1
[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                1                   cc87aef92b66        4 seconds ago       200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB

#save导出test:1这个镜像(也可以用id号)
[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                1                   cc87aef92b66        51 seconds ago      200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker 7]# docker save test:1 > test.tar
[root@docker 7]# ls
Dockerfile  docker.sh  test.tar

3.25 Docker命令:load

用于将save导出到本地的tar包,重新加载为镜像(和源镜像的名字标识完全一样)

[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                1                   cc87aef92b66        2 minutes ago       200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker 7]# docker rmi test:1  #删除镜像test:1
Untagged: test:1
Deleted: sha256:cc87aef92b667fa2ef8c6f00fc2c598931adcc137e569a5ee77626e98845c66f
Deleted: sha256:f4fe4b82300c163350ca7aea20d713246b34861e57778482a8536b189eb15328
Deleted: sha256:a49455ce240e931703525ab8bd0fd46a08283681e54b412cc2ae3ff98c346847
Deleted: sha256:fa1179b1ab73c564f85ab15038abc27248da914bf61f835432b1b3e9660dac3f
Deleted: sha256:c9686c8c97ed841d519023cc7ce6a7e8b6c6af51d2d85084dcf37b072933f353
Deleted: sha256:c80e63f73145c443d5fac77b166b68b0865167ce3e17b9207540bc926276850a
Deleted: sha256:0794cb3a1f33a60e86ffd252d7db298799b44c846efe6b0aef3e445db767d662
Deleted: sha256:c719db6a38bb83756c8e831694268681ece2ee2e8ae6ecad12bd810997f61b9e
[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker 7]# docker load < test.tar     #将之前test:1这个镜像的save备份导入系统
cdba4ed54f31: Loading layer [==================================================>]  2.048kB/2.048kB
0e990db11d5d: Loading layer [==================================================>]  3.584kB/3.584kB
e57b2692ffad: Loading layer [==================================================>]  3.072kB/3.072kB
Loaded image: test:1
[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                1                   cc87aef92b66        2 minutes ago       200MB   #和原来的镜像完全一样
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB

3.26 Docker命令:logs

用于输出一个容器进程内的操作日志

[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                1                   cc87aef92b66        12 minutes ago      200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker 7]# docker run -d -it test:1
16f9f6c9c699c649709b5643590c632f4c2e2f621de7dd1a6c480ae863761a98
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   2 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds                            adoring_noether
[root@docker 7]# docker logs --tail 5 16f9f6c9c699  #只显示容器日志的后5行
welcome
welcome
welcome
welcome
welcome

3.27 Docker命令:pause && unpause

用于将一个或多个容器的进程暂停和恢复

[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                            adoring_noether
[root@docker 7]# docker pause 16f9f6c9c699  #暂停容器进程
16f9f6c9c699
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS               NAMES
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes (Paused)                       adoring_noether
[root@docker 7]# docker unpause 16f9f6c9c699    #恢复容器进程
16f9f6c9c699
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                            adoring_noether

3.28 Docker命令:port

用于列出一个容器的端口映射及协议

[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                1                   cc87aef92b66        24 minutes ago      200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB

[root@docker 7]# docker run -d -it -p 2222:22 test:1    #启动一个镜像的容器进程 -p 指定本地2222端口映射到容器的22端口
6321c3a3481fe44c13307a1e082ac58a0ee87b29e8bdd2a2d664914a66405f1c

[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds        0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   romantic_elbakyan
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                              adoring_noether

[root@docker 7]# docker port 6321c3a3481f   #查看容器进程的端口映射及协议
22/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:2222

3.29 Docker命令:rename

给容器进程重命名

[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   11 minutes ago      Up 11 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   romantic_elbakyan
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   22 minutes ago      Up 22 minutes                              adoring_noether
[root@docker 7]# docker rename romantic_elbakyan Mr.chen
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   11 minutes ago      Up 11 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   22 minutes ago      Up 22 minutes                              adoring_noether

3.30 Docker命令:restart

重启一个容器进程

[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   15 minutes ago      Up 15 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   26 minutes ago      Up 26 minutes                              adoring_noether
[root@docker 7]# docker restart 6321c3a3481f
6321c3a3481f
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   15 minutes ago      Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   26 minutes ago      Up 26 minutes                              adoring_noether

3.31 Docker命令:stats

用于时时输出容器的资源使用情况

[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   17 minutes ago      Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   28 minutes ago      Up 28 minutes                              adoring_noether
[root@docker 7]# docker stats 6321c3a3481f

image.png

#--no-tream只输出一次
[root@docker 7]# docker stats 6321c3a3481f --no-stream
CONTAINER ID        NAME                CPU %               MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %               NET I/O             BLOCK I/O           PIDS
6321c3a3481f        Mr.chen             0.00%               292KiB / 974.6MiB   0.03%               648B / 0B           0B / 0B             2

3.32 Docker命令:tag

用于从一个指定的镜像创建另外一个镜像

[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                1                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker 7]# docker tag test:1 test:2   #我们可以指定名字:标志来创建
[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                1                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
test                2                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker 7]# docker rmi test:2
Untagged: test:2
[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                1                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
[root@docker 7]# docker tag cc87aef92b66 test:2 #我们也可以指定image id来创建
[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                1                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
test                2                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB

3.33 Docker命令:top

用于显示指定容器的进程信息

[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   28 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   39 minutes ago      Up 39 minutes                              adoring_noether
[root@docker 7]# docker top 6321c3a3481f
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                89798               89784               0                   11:55               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash /home/test/docker.sh
root                90265               89798               0                   12:07               pts/0               00:00:00            sleep 5

3.34 Docker命令:update

用于调整一个或多个容器的启动配置

[root@docker 7]# docker update --help

Usage:  docker update [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Update configuration of one or more containers

Options:
      --blkio-weight uint16        Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --cpu-period int             Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int              Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int          Limit the CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int         Limit the CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int             CPU shares (relative weight) #调整CPU
      --cpus decimal               Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string         CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string         MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --kernel-memory bytes        Kernel memory limit
  -m, --memory bytes               Memory limit #调整内存
      --memory-reservation bytes   Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes          Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --restart string             Restart policy to apply when a container exits

3.35 Docker命令:version and wait

version用于显示docker的版本信息
wait用于捕捉一个或多个容器的退出状态,并返回退出状态码

#显示docker版本信息
[root@docker 7]# docker version
Client:
 Version:      18.03.1-ce
 API version:  1.37
 Go version:   go1.9.5
 Git commit:   9ee9f40
 Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:20:16 2018
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false
 Orchestrator: swarm

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:      18.03.1-ce
  API version:  1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:   go1.9.5
  Git commit:   9ee9f40
  Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:23:58 2018
  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  Experimental: false

#监听容器的退出状态并返回状态码
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   33 minutes ago      Up 17 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   44 minutes ago      Up 44 minutes                              adoring_noether
[root@docker 7]# docker wait 6321c3a3481f   #需要在开一个窗口stop这个容器进程再查看
137

3.36 Docker命令:login && logout && push

  • login用于登陆docker hub官方公有仓库
  • logout用于登出docker hub官方公有仓库
  • push用于将本地镜像提交到docker hub

由于docker hub国内已经无法注册,因此无法演示上述内容
DockerHub官方公有镜像仓库:https://hub.docker.com/

四,管理应用程序数据

4.1 Volume和Bind Mount

将Docker主机数据挂载到容器

  • Docker提供三种不同方式将数据从宿主机挂载到容器中:volumes,bind mounts和tmpfs。

    • volumes:Docker管理宿主机文件系统的一部分(/var/lib/docker/volumes)
    • bind mounts:可以存储在宿主机系统的任意位置
    • tmpfs:挂载存储在宿主机系统的内存中,而不会写入宿主机的文件系统
4.1.1 Volume
#创建一个卷
[root@docker 7]# docker volume create nginx-vol
nginx-vol
[root@docker 7]# docker volume ls
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               nginx-vol
[root@docker 7]# docker volume inspect nginx-vol
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2018-07-07T00:07:51+08:00",   #创建时间
        "Driver": "local",  #驱动
        "Labels": {},
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data",    #挂载点
        "Name": "nginx-vol",    #卷名
        "Options": {},
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]

#下载一个nginx官方镜像
[root@docker 7]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
683abbb4ea60: Pull complete 
6ff57cbc007a: Pull complete 
162f7aebbf40: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:2cf71a9320ea65566c0738e87400407aaffd8dd11a411ceb2f2b585ad513469e
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest

[root@docker 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              649dcb69b782        2 days ago          109MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB

[root@docker 7]# docker run -dit --name=nginx-test --mount src=nginx-vol,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
e74fb1640742a6a535d825ea223c18809b495532a9c9d6bd0b7ca8c4775261dc

特别说明:
--name:容器的名字
--mount:挂载
src:源卷的名字
dst:挂载到容器中的路径

[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
e74fb1640742        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   48 seconds ago      Up 47 seconds       80/tcp              nginx-test

#向容器中的挂载目录创建文件,查看是否挂载成功
[root@docker 7]# docker exec nginx-test touch /usr/share/nginx/html/test.txt
[root@docker 7]# docker exec nginx-test ls /usr/share/nginx/html/
50x.html
index.html
test.txt        #有了
[root@docker 7]# ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data/
50x.html  index.html  test.txt  #成功

#清理容器进程
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
e74fb1640742        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   8 minutes ago       Up 8 minutes        80/tcp              nginx-test
[root@docker 7]# docker stop nginx-test
nginx-test
[root@docker 7]# docker rm nginx-test
nginx-test
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker 7]# ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data/
50x.html  index.html  test.txt  #清理容器后,挂载的卷的数据仍旧存在

#重新启动镜像nginx的容器进程
[root@docker 7]# docker run -dit --name nginx-test -p 88:80 --mount src=nginx-vol,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
b5e0bfc639087bdd4998065e457eda837c042cfb5e9cf3c044a11c97280e7270
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
b5e0bfc63908        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   15 seconds ago      Up 14 seconds       0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   nginx-test

特别提示:
docker run的-p参数:指定端口的映射,88:80的意思就是将宿主机88端口的访问映射到容器进程的80端口

现在我们通过浏览器访问宿主机的88端口,进而访问容器进程的80端口

image.png现在我们在启动一个镜像nginx的进程,让两个nginx的容器进程公用一个数据卷nginx-vol

[root@docker 7]# docker run -dit --name nginx-test2 -p 89:80 --mount src=nginx-vol,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
f1373f38c6cda722f151f06fc06cd6fccf62bc042850c6481ddb74c5336377be
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
f1373f38c6cd        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp   nginx-test2
b5e0bfc63908        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   17 minutes ago      Up 17 minutes       0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   nginx-test

我们用浏览器访问docker宿主机的89端口

4.1.2 Bind Mounts
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
f1373f38c6cd        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes        0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp   nginx-test2
b5e0bfc63908        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   24 minutes ago      Up 24 minutes       0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   nginx-test
[root@docker 7]# docker run -dit --name nginx-test3 -p 90:80 --mount type=bind,src=/var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
270b609a9e2ec53c3b0a9250f2f8d175e21748ac8ebe9e4c0f9897e72a9b3843
[root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
270b609a9e2e        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp   nginx-test3
f1373f38c6cd        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes        0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp   nginx-test2
b5e0bfc63908        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   26 minutes ago      Up 26 minutes       0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   nginx-test

我们用浏览器访问docker宿主机的90端口

4.2 实战容器部署LNMP网站平台

首先我们下载一个wordpress博客
wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.tar.gz

4.2.1 创建MySQL数据库容器
#下载MySQL5.6版本镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker pull mysql:5.6
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              649dcb69b782        3 days ago          109MB
mysql               5.6                 97fdbdd65c6a        10 days ago         256MB
centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB

#创建一个自定义网络(docker自定义网络下一节再讲)
[root@docker ~]# docker network create lnmp
b02d8652022382f21780ee4935f472689883b64389ae120174268de57ec03e4e
[root@docker ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
29e8c90dbd80        bridge              bridge              local
f11e598312bd        host                host                local
b02d86520223        lnmp                bridge              local   #有了(默认驱动为网桥)
3978eff69b11        none                null                local

#启动MySQL数据库容器
[root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name lnmp_mysql --network lnmp -p 3306:3306 --mount src=mysql-vol,dst=/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123123 mysql:5.6 --character-set-server=utf8
07bd252ec637324683514c6f27ba0beb552d9c1044a60c2dbb1cb3d2aeba807b
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
07bd252ec637        mysql:5.6           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   lnmp_mysql

特别提示:

  • 自定义网络lnmp如果不提前创建的话,在启动容器进程时会报错
  • 如果没有提前pull好mysql:5.6那么容器在启动时会自动下载对应镜像
  • 如果没有提前docker volume create mysql-vol,那么容器启动时会自动创建
#查看容器lnmp_mysql的日志输出
[root@docker ~]# docker logs lnmp_mysql

#查看容器里启动的进程
[root@docker ~]# docker top lnmp_mysql
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
polkitd             96252               96240               0                   22:58               pts/0               00:00:01            mysqld --character-set-server=utf8
4.2.2 向容器里的Mysql创建一个库
[root@docker ~]# docker exec lnmp_mysql sh -c 'exec mysql -uroot -p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD" -e"create database wp"'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
4.2.3 在docker宿主机上安装mysql的客户端通过端口映射访问容器内的mysql

因为已经将mysql容器的3306端口映射到了docker宿主机的3306,因此我们访问本地即可

#安装mysql客户端
[root@docker ~]# yum -y install mysql

#查看本机IP地址
[root@docker ~]# hostname -I | xargs -n1 | head -1
192.168.200.142

#远程方式连接docker宿主机的3306端口
[root@docker ~]# mysql -h192.168.200.142 -P3306 -uroot -p123123 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| wp                 |          #已经创建wp库了
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
4.2.4 创建nginx+PHP环境容器
#创建一个网页目录
[root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /app/wwwroot
[root@docker ~]# ll -d /app/wwwroot
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 7月   8 00:22 /app/wwwroot

#下载richarvey/nginx-php-fpm镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker pull richarvey/nginx-php-fpm
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   latest              26c0e6f09c52        2 days ago          300MB
nginx                     latest              649dcb69b782        3 days ago          109MB
mysql                     5.6                 97fdbdd65c6a        10 days ago         256MB
centos                    latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB

#启动richarvey/nginx-php-fpm镜像的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name lnmp_web --network lnmp -p 88:80 --mount type=bind,src=/app/wwwroot,dst=/var/www/html richarvey/nginx-php-fpm
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
1ab26792a73c        richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        443/tcp, 9000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_web
07bd252ec637        mysql:5.6                 "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp                  lnmp_mysql
4.2.5 解压wordpress到网页目录/app/wwwroot下
[root@docker ~]# tar xf wordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.tar.gz -C /app/wwwroot/
[root@docker ~]# cd /app/wwwroot/
[root@docker wwwroot]# ls
wordpress
4.2.6 博客wordpress访问测试

通过浏览器进行docker宿主机的88端口的访问测试
http://IP:88/wordpress
特别提示:
如果在访问时,出现以下情况

#如果出现连接不上的情况,那么请按顺序执行以下命令一遍
[root@docker wwwroot]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@docker wwwroot]# systemctl stop iptables.service
Failed to stop iptables.service: Unit iptables.service not loaded.
[root@docker wwwroot]# iptables -F
[root@docker wwwroot]# iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
[root@docker wwwroot]# iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
[root@docker wwwroot]# iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

如果没有意外此时访问浏览器,就可出现下述内容

特别提示:
如果多次连续访问同一网页,那么浏览器有可能默认去掉指定的端口
因此,同学们若访问不到,请查看是否指定了88端口

五,网络管理

5.1 容器网络模式

  • Docker支持5种网络模式

    • bridge

      • 默认网络,Docker启动后默认创建一个docker0网桥,默认创建的容器也是添加到这个网桥中
    • host

      • 容器不会获得一个独立的network namespace,而是与宿主机共用一个
    • none

      • 获取独立的network namespace,但不为容器进行任何网络配置
    • container

      • 与指定的容器使用同一个network namespace,网卡配置也都是相同的
    • 自定义

      • 自定义网桥,默认与bridge网络一样
5.1.1 bridge网络类型
#安装bridge管理工具
[root@docker ~]# yum -y install bridge-utils

#查看网桥状态
[root@docker ~]# brctl show
bridge name             bridge id        STP enabled         interfaces
br-b02d86520223     8000.02427fd4e96d       no              veth3c0da5f     #网桥br-br0绑定了两个虚拟网卡
                                                            vethcd34854
docker0             8000.02424cab4d14       no              veth0d15221     #网桥docker0绑定了一个虚拟网卡

#查看网络类型
[root@docker ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
29e8c90dbd80        bridge              bridge              local   #两个网桥类型的网络
f11e598312bd        host                host                local
b02d86520223        lnmp                bridge              local   #两个网桥类型的网络
3978eff69b11        none                null                local

#查看容器进程
[root@docker ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
274cd088c4ad        centos                    "/bin/bash"              14 minutes ago      Up 14 minutes                                               test
1ab26792a73c        richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   2 days ago          Up 2 days           443/tcp, 9000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_web
07bd252ec637        mysql:5.6                 "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 days ago          Up 2 days           0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp                  lnmp_mysql

#查看容器lnmp_mysql的网络信息
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect lnmp_mysql | grep -A 15 "Networks"
            "Networks": {
                "lnmp": {   #网络类型lnmp
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": [
                        "07bd252ec637"
                    ],
                    "NetworkID": "b02d8652022382f21780ee4935f472689883b64389ae120174268de57ec03e4e",
                    "EndpointID": "6059606168f72d1561e4ce1d345fdc8dafed7b3956f9b2a392f29635c4001b7c",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",    #网关172.18.0.1,这就是网桥br-b02d86520223
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",  #容器IP172.18.0.2
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",

#查看容器lnmp_web的网络信息
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect lnmp_web | grep -A 15 "Networks"
            "Networks": {
                "lnmp": {   #网络类型lnmp
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": [
                        "1ab26792a73c"
                    ],
                    "NetworkID": "b02d8652022382f21780ee4935f472689883b64389ae120174268de57ec03e4e",
                    "EndpointID": "778d44313652bce9af6f09c3f67d56946eca2c6b7cf7dc8b9c79046e7874842a",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",    #网关172.18.0.1,这就是网桥br-b02d86520223
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",  #容器IP172.18.0.3
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",

#查看容器test的网络信息
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect test | grep -A 15 "Networks"
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "29e8c90dbd80c38e964c4a6055456fb1718f499f03a1ff81af0a3c2643231de5",
                    "EndpointID": "cacf4aea37a8d12bae2358fa682da1e3c3b6bb85947a88d8242fbf1bff3d3d86",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",    #网关172.17.0.1,这就是网桥docker0
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",  #容器IP172.17.0.2
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
5.1.2 host网络类型
#启动一个网络类型为host的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test2 --network host centos:latest /bin/bash
156dbada7627542fd0ab7134cec270466bcef5180feeec44343821d71cc6ebaf
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
156dbada7627        centos:latest             "/bin/bash"              3 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds                                                test2
274cd088c4ad        centos                    "/bin/bash"              2 hours ago         Up 2 hours                                                  test
1ab26792a73c        richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   3 days ago          Up 3 days           443/tcp, 9000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_web
07bd252ec637        mysql:5.6                 "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 days ago          Up 3 days           0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp                  lnmp_mysql

#查看容器的ip
[root@docker ~]# docker exec test2 hostname -I  #这就是网络类型为host的容器,ip地址和docker宿主机完全一样
192.168.200.142 172.17.0.1 172.18.0.1 
[root@docker ~]# docker exec test hostname -I   #网桥类型容器
172.17.0.2 
[root@docker ~]# docker exec lnmp_mysql hostname -i #网桥类型容器
172.18.0.2
[root@docker ~]# docker exec lnmp_web hostname -i   #网桥类型容器
172.18.0.3
5.1.3 none网络类型(用于建立与宿主机的桥接模式)
#启动一个网络类型为none的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test3 --net none centos:latest
cddf4c8888d71df9224b6455ae426fe33470e219c5c755252875da7a20c4527f

#查看容器IP地址
[root@docker ~]# docker exec test3 hostname -I

查询后发现,什么IP地址都没有,是的,none类型就是暂时不给容器指定网卡。

5.1.4 container网络类型

指定新容器使用指定容器的网卡

#启动一个容器,网络类型container,使用test容器的网卡
[root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test4 --net container:test centos:latest /bin/bash
d0100ebdadde9733d5c2d0fd8f1a8017d1c74c4323408cd11ac593c0f7d7f42f
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect test | grep -A 15 "Networks"
\            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "29e8c90dbd80c38e964c4a6055456fb1718f499f03a1ff81af0a3c2643231de5",
                    "EndpointID": "cacf4aea37a8d12bae2358fa682da1e3c3b6bb85947a88d8242fbf1bff3d3d86",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",    #test容器的网关
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",  #test容器模式网桥
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect test4 | grep -A 15 "Networks"
            "Networks": {}              #test4容器并没有自己的网络设置
        }
    }
]
[root@docker ~]# docker exec test4 hostname -I  #test4没有网络设置却有IP地址和test容器完全一样
172.17.0.2

5.2 桥接宿主机网络与配置固定IP地址

5.2.1 建立网桥桥接到宿主机网络


#构建一个永久生效的网桥br0
[root@docker network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens32 
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
NAME=ens32
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
[root@docker network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0 
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=static
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.200.142
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.200.2
DNS1=192.168.200.2
[root@docker network-scripts]# service network restart

#查看网卡IP
[root@docker network-scripts]# ifconfig ens32
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:93:37:0b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)    #ens32网卡已经没有IP地址了
        RX packets 626902  bytes 599726150 (571.9 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 570556  bytes 1022355519 (974.9 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@docker network-scripts]# ifconfig br0
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.200.142  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.200.255  #网桥br0代替了ens32
        inet6 fe80::f82d:6dff:fed3:a9bb  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:93:37:0b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 306  bytes 28092 (27.4 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 141  bytes 19806 (19.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@docker network-scripts]# brctl show
bridge name                 bridge id       STP     enabled interfaces
br-b02d86520223     8000.02427fd4e96d       no      veth3c0da5f
                                                    vethcd34854
br0                 8000.000c2993370b       no      ens32       #网桥br0,桥接在了真实的物理网卡ens32上
docker0             8000.02424cab4d14       no      veth0d15221
5.2.2 通过pipework工具配置容器固定IP

pipework工具下载地址:https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework.git

#解压安装pipework工具
[root@docker ~]# yum -y install unzip
[root@docker ~]# unzip pipework-master.zip 
Archive:  pipework-master.zip
ae42f1b5fef82b3bc23fe93c95c345e7af65fef3
   creating: pipework-master/
 extracting: pipework-master/.gitignore  
  inflating: pipework-master/LICENSE  
  inflating: pipework-master/README.md  
  inflating: pipework-master/docker-compose.yml  
   creating: pipework-master/doctoc/
  inflating: pipework-master/doctoc/Dockerfile  
  inflating: pipework-master/pipework  
  inflating: pipework-master/pipework.spec  
[root@docker ~]# mv pipework-master /usr/local/
[root@docker ~]# ln -s /usr/local/pipework-master/pipework /usr/local/bin/
[root@docker ~]# which pipework
/usr/local/bin/pipework

#建立网络类型为none的容器,并通过pipework配置固定ip地址
[root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test5 --net none centos:latest /bin/bash
5b06b180ce8477eb21959facde5c48f1d3670396baa5696ad319d3052b610a4b
[root@docker ~]# pipework br0 test5 192.168.200.199/24@192.168.200.2    #设置容器固定IP为192.168.200.199网关192.168.200.2
[root@docker ~]# docker exec test5 hostname -I  #有IP了
192.168.200.199 
[root@docker ~]# ping 192.168.200.199   #宿主机ping能通
PING 192.168.200.199 (192.168.200.199) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.200.199: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.076 ms
^C
--- 192.168.200.199 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.076/0.076/0.076/0.000 ms
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it test5 /bin/bash    #进入容器
[root@5b06b180ce84 /]# ping www.baidu.com       #能连接外网
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.125) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125 (61.135.169.125): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=5.73 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.733/5.733/5.733/0.000 ms

通过windows宿主机ping虚拟机中的容器进程IP进行测试


综上,外部机器访问虚拟机中的容器进程也可以联通了

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