linux的shell脚本代码：测试系统网络接口的数据流量（估算实时监控视频的码率）

#!/bin/bash  
  
# 初始化变量来存储上一次读取的字节数  
# 该变量用于在后续的计算中，作为上一次循环时的网络接收字节数基准  
last_rx_bytes=0  
  
# 使用无限循环来持续监测网络接收字节数的变化  
while true; do  
    # 读取当前的网络接收字节数  
    # 从Linux系统的sysfs文件系统中获取eth0网卡的接收字节数  
    current_rx_bytes=$(cat /sys/class/net/eth0/statistics/rx_bytes)  
  
    # 如果这是第一次循环，即last_rx_bytes为0时  
    # 则不计算差值，仅进行初始化提示并设置last_rx_bytes的值为current_rx_bytes  
    if [ $last_rx_bytes -eq 0 ]; then  
        echo "Initializing, waiting for first 5-second interval..."  
        last_rx_bytes=$current_rx_bytes  
    else  
        # 计算两次读取之间的接收字节数差值  
        rx_bytes_diff=$((current_rx_bytes - last_rx_bytes))  
  
        # 将字节数差值转换为比特数（因为1字节 = 8比特）  
        rx_bits_diff=$((rx_bytes_diff * 8))  
  
        # 假设每次循环间隔为5秒（由后面的sleep 5决定）  
        # 计算每秒接收的比特数  
        rx_bits_1s=$((rx_bits_diff / 5))  
  
        # 将每秒接收的比特数转换为每秒接收的千比特数（因为1千比特 = 1024比特）  
        rx_kb_1s=$((rx_bits_1s / 1024))  
  
        # 输出在过去5秒内接收字节数的差值，以及对应的比特数和千比特数的速率  
        echo "Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: $rx_bytes_diff bytes, $rx_bits_1s bits/s ,$rx_kb_1s kbits/s"  
  
        # 更新上一次读取的字节数，以便在下一次循环中进行差值计算  
        last_rx_bytes=$current_rx_bytes  
    fi  
  
    # 等待5秒，然后再次执行循环，以监测新的网络接收字节数  
    sleep 5  
done

2、功能概述

这个脚本主要用于持续监测Linux系统中eth0网卡在5秒时间间隔内的网络接收速率，并输出这个间隔中的接收字节数、比特数，以及平均到每秒的千比特数的速率变化。方便查看接口的接收数据的总的速率。

二、代码执行演示和效果

（一）代码变为可执行程序

1、编辑代码

在命令行模式，输入如下命令：

vi rx_packets.sh

把上一章的代码输入进去，然后保存后退出vi编辑器。

2、赋予代码可执行能力

在命令行模式，输入如下命令：

chmod +x rx_packets.sh

然后，检查文件rx_packets.sh是否变为可执行文件，如下：


[121yunwei@ecs-52a1 home]$ chmod +x rx_packets.sh
[121yunwei@ecs-52a1 home]$
[121yunwei@ecs-52a1 home]$
[121yunwei@ecs-52a1 home]$ ll rx_packets.sh
-rwxrwxr-x 1 121yunwei 121yunwei 996 May 13 21:57 rx_packets.sh
[121yunwei@ecs-52a1 home]$

可以看出文件rx_packets.sh具有x的属性，即可以执行。

（二）执行

1、正常运行的执行效果

执行情况如下所示：

[121yunwei@ecs-52a1 home]$ sh rx_packets.sh

Initializing, waiting for first 5-second interval...

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 631950 bytes, 1011120 bits/s ,987 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 694529 bytes, 1111246 bits/s ,1085 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 696553 bytes, 1114484 bits/s ,1088 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 612895 bytes, 980632 bits/s ,957 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 692274 bytes, 1107638 bits/s ,1081 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 699132 bytes, 1118611 bits/s ,1092 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 644509 bytes, 1031214 bits/s ,1007 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 681062 bytes, 1089699 bits/s ,1064 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 689201 bytes, 1102721 bits/s ,1076 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 644389 bytes, 1031022 bits/s ,1006 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 696258 bytes, 1114012 bits/s ,1087 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 698437 bytes, 1117499 bits/s ,1091 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 640932 bytes, 1025491 bits/s ,1001 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 695784 bytes, 1113254 bits/s ,1087 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 693660 bytes, 1109856 bits/s ,1083 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 637153 bytes, 1019444 bits/s ,995 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 684393 bytes, 1095028 bits/s ,1069 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 696590 bytes, 1114544 bits/s ,1088 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 635913 bytes, 1017460 bits/s ,993 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 687950 bytes, 1100720 bits/s ,1074 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 703094 bytes, 1124950 bits/s ,1098 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 639665 bytes, 1023464 bits/s ,999 kbits/s

可以看出，每秒接收基本上都在1000kbit左右，大概1Mbit/s的速率。

2、看实时视频的执行效果

（1）在监控平台的web客户端浏览实时视频的情况

（2）然后，继续观察，出现如下显示：

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 686822 bytes, 1098915 bits/s ,1073 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 1257522 bytes, 2012035 bits/s ,1964 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 2427538 bytes, 3884060 bits/s ,3793 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 2490649 bytes, 3985038 bits/s ,3891 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 2529845 bytes, 4047752 bits/s ,3952 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 2290396 bytes, 3664633 bits/s ,3578 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 2444005 bytes, 3910408 bits/s ,3818 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 2447885 bytes, 3916616 bits/s ,3824 kbits/s

（3）由此可以看出，每秒的速率变为3850Kbps左右，增加了2850 Kbps，也就是这路实时监控视频的码率在2850 Kbps左右。

然后在web客户端停止浏览这路监控视频，继续观察，结果如下：

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 2444005 bytes, 3910408 bits/s ,3818 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 2447885 bytes, 3916616 bits/s ,3824 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 648234 bytes, 1037174 bits/s ,1012 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 687798 bytes, 1100476 bits/s ,1074 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 691119 bytes, 1105790 bits/s ,1079 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 658126 bytes, 1053001 bits/s ,1028 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 677605 bytes, 1084168 bits/s ,1058 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 695507 bytes, 1112811 bits/s ,1086 kbits/s

Received bytes difference in the last 5 seconds: 654685 bytes, 1047496 bits/s ,1022 kbits/s

^C
[121yunwei@ecs-52a1 home]$
[121yunwei@ecs-52a1 home]$

显然，接口接收数据的速率有降低到1Mbit/s左右。